Psy 421 Ch. 2 Flashcards
Uses a variety of techniques to understand their respective fields. E planning a phenomenon means identifying the events that produce it.
Natural science approach to learning
The evidence for the explanation is the se as the behavior to be explained.
Circular explanation
A definition that specifies the operation by which a term will be measured.
Operational definition
6 changes in behavior
- Topography- form of the behavior
- Intensity- how much
- Speed- how fast
- Latency- the time that passes before a behavior begins
- Reduction in errors
- Frequency
Number of frequency of responses per unit of time.
Rate
Every occurrence of a behavior is marked with a pen over a sheet of paper that is moving
Measuring rate with Cumulative recorder.
First- or secondhand reports of personal experience.
Anecdotal evidence
Detailed study and description of a single case. Usually used in clinical settings.
Case study
A study in which the researcher attempts to describe a group by obtaining data from its members.
Descriptive study
A research design in which the researcher measures the effected of one or more independent variables on one or more dependent variables.
Experiment
The variable in which the outcome of an experiment is measured. It is expected to vary with (depend on) the independent variable.
Dependent variable
In an experiment, the variable that the researchers control. It is usually expected to affect the dependent variable.
Independent variable
An experimental design in which the independent variable is made to vary across two or more groups of subjects
Between-subject experiment
A research design in which the independent variable issue to vary at different times for the same subject
Within-subject experiment.
Experiments creat artificial conditions, and what we find under this artificial conditional may mot always correspond with what would occur under more natural conditions
Control and artificiality
