Cooper Ch. 12 Sr-

Question 1

the occurrence of a response produces the removal, termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus, which leads to an increase in the future occurrence of that response.

Answer 1

Negative R contingency

Question 2

a response that terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus while avoidance contingency is a response that prevents or postpone the presentation of a stimulus.

Answer 2

Escape contingency vs avoidance contingency

Question 3

responding in the presence of a signal preventing the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer

Answer 3

Discrimination avoidance

Question 4

avoidance behavior (responses/or some number of responses) is “free to occur” at any time during the interval and it will delay the presentation of a stimulus.

Answer 4

Operant avoidence

Question 5

• It is important to remember that a stimulus described as a negative reinforcer refers to its removal because the same stimulus serves as an EO when presented prior to behavior as punishment when presented following behavior.

Answer 5

What is important to remember?

Question 6

consequence results from the termination or removal or of another person.

Answer 6

Social negative reinforcer

Question 7

consequences produced by a response (termination/removal of) independent of the action of another.

Answer 7

Automatic negative reinforcers

Question 8

1. The stimulus change immediately follows the occurrence of the target response.
2. The magnitude of reinforcement is large, referring to the difference in stimulation present before and after the response occurs.
3. Occurrence of the target response consistently produces escape from of postponement of the EO.
4. Reinforcement is unavailable for competing (non-target) responses.

Answer 8

4 factors that show that NR contingency can change behavior