Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Question 1

chopping

Answer 1

a combination of bilateral upper extremity asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed-chain activity

Question 2

developmental sequence

Answer 2

a progression of motor skill acquisition

- stages include mobility, stability, controlled mobility, and skill

Question 3

mass movement patterns

Answer 3

• the hip, knee, and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously

Question 4

overflow

Answer 4

muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles

Question 5

Scapula patterns

Answer 5

D1 flexion

• elevation
• abduction
• upward rotation

D1 extension

• depression
• adduction
• downward rotation

D2 flexion

• elevation
• adduction
• upward rotation

D2 extension

• depression
• abduction
• downward rotation

Question 6

shoulder pattern

Answer 6

D1 flexion
- flexion. adduction, lateral rotation

D1 extension
- extension, abduction, medial rotation

D2 flexion
- flexion, abduction, lateral rotation

D2 extension
- extension, adduction, downward rotation

Question 7

elbow pattern

Answer 7

D1 flexion
- flexion or extension

D1 extension
- flexion or extension

D2 flexion
- flexion or extension

D2 extension
- flexion or extension

Question 8

Radioulnar pattern

Answer 8

D1 flexion
- supination

D1 extension
- pronation

D2 flexion
- supination

D2 extension
- pronation

Question 9

wrist patterns

Answer 9

D1 flexion
- flexion, radial deviation

D1 extension
- extension, ulnar deviation

D2 flexion
- extension, radial deviation

D2 extension
- flexion, ulnar deviation

Question 10

thumb patterns

Answer 10

D1 flexion
- adduction

D1 extension
- abduction

D2 flexion
- extension

D2 extension
- opposition

Question 11

pelvis patten

Answer 11

D1 flexion
- protraction

D1 extension
- retraction

D2 flexion
- elevation

D2 extension
- depression

Question 12

hip pattern

Answer 12

D1 flexion
- flexion. adduction, lateral rotation

D1 extension
- extension, abduction, medial rotation

D2 flexion
- flexion, abduction, lateral rotation

D2 extension
- extension, adduction, downward rotation

Question 13

knee

Answer 13

D1 flexion
- flexion or extension

D1 extension
- flexion or extension

D2 flexion
- flexion or extension

D2 extension
- flexion or extension

Question 14

ankle and toes pattern

Answer 14

D1 flexion
- df, inversion

D1 extension
- pf, eversion

D2 flexion
- df, eversion

D2 extension
- pf, inversion

Question 15

agonistic reversals

Answer 15

• controlled mobility; proximal dynamic stability
• an isotonic contraction, performed against resistance followed by alternating concentric and eccentric contractions, with resistance
• requires use in slow and sequential manner, and may be used in increments throughout the range to attain max control

Question 16

alternating isometrics

Answer 16

• stability; strength
• isometric contractions are performed alternating from muscles on one side of the joint to muscles on the other side without rest
• emphasizes endurance and strengthening

Question 17

contract relax

Answer 17

• increased ROM
• patient performs a max contraction of antagonistic muscle group as extremity reaches point of limitation
• therapist resists movement for 8-10 seconds with relaxation to follow
• repeat until no gains are made

Question 18

hold relax

Answer 18

• increased ROM
• a contraction is facilitated or all muscle groups at limiting point
• relaxation occurs and the extremity moves through the newly acquired range to the next point in limitation
• used for pain

Question 19

hold relax active movement

Answer 19

• initiate movement
• isometric contraction is performed once the extremity is passively placed into a shortened range
• upon relaxation, the extremity is immediately moved into a lengthened position of the pattern with a quick stretch
• patient is then asked to return extremity to shortened position

Question 20

joint distraction

Answer 20

• increase ROM; initiate movement

- consistent manual traction is provided slowly and usually in combination with mobilization techniques

Question 21

normal timing

Answer 21

• distal functional movement
• performed distal to proximal sequence
• proximal components are restricted until distal components are activated and initiate movement

Question 22

repeated contractions

Answer 22

• initiate movement, strength
• used to initiate a movement pattern throughout a weak movement pattern
• therapist then gives quick stretch followed by isometric

Question 23

resisted progression

Answer 23

• proximal dynamic stability, strength
• resistance is applied to an area such as the pelvis, hips, or extremity during gait in order to enhance coordination, strength or endurance

Question 24

rhythmic stabilization

Answer 24

• increased ROM; stability
• requires isometric contractions of all muscles around a joint against a progressive resistance
• patient should relax and move into the newly acquired range and repeat technique

Question 25

rhythmic initiation

Answer 25

• initiate movement
• movement progresses from passive, active assist, to slight resistive
• movements must be slow and rhythmical to reduce the hypertonia and allow for full range of motion

Question 26

rhythmic rotation

Answer 26

• increased ROM; initiate movement
• a passive technique used to decrease hypertonia by slowly rotating an extremity around the longitudinal axis
• relaxation of the extremity will increase ROM

Question 27

slow reversal

Answer 27

• stability, controlled mobility, distal functional movement

- slow and resisted concentric contractions of agonist and antagonists around a joint without rest between reversals

Question 28

slow reversal hold

Answer 28

• stability, controlled mobility, distal functional movement
• using slow reversal with addition of an isometric contraction that is performed at the end of each movement in order to gain stability

Question 29

timing for emphasis

Answer 29

• distal functional movement; strength

- isotonic and isometric contractions produce overflow to weak muscles