Cranial Nerves Flashcards
CN I
Olfactory
Afferent: smell- nose
Test: identify familiar odors
CN II
Optic
Afferent: sight- eye
Test: test visual fields
CN III
Oculomotor
Efferent:
- voluntary: levator of eyelid; superior, medial, and inferior recti; inferior oblique muscle of eyeball
- autonomic: smooth muscle of eyeball
Test: upward, downward, and medial gaze; reaction to light
CN IV
Trochlear
Efferent:
- voluntary: superior oblique muscle of eyeball
Test: downward and inward gaze
CN V
Trigeminal
Afferent: touch,pain- skin of face, mucous membranes of nose, sinuses, mouth, anterior tongue
Efferent:
-voluntary: muscles of mastication
Test: corneal reflex, face sensation, clench teeth; push down on chin to separate jaw
CN VI
Abducens
Efferent:
- voluntary: lateral rectus muscle of eyeball
Test: lateral gaze
CN VII
facial
afferent: taste- anterior tongue
efferent:
- voluntary: facial muscles
- autonomic: lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands
CN VIII
vesibularcochlear
afferent:
- hearing: ear
- balance: ear
Test: hear watch ticking, hearing test, balance and coordination test
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
afferent:
- touch, pain: posterior tongue, pharynx
- taste: posterior tongue
efferent:
- voluntary motor: select muscles of pharynx
- autonomic: parotid gland
Test: gag reflex, ability to swallow
CN X
vagus
afferent:
- touch pain: pharynx, larynx, bronchi
- taste: tongue, epiglottis
efferent:
- voluntary: muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx
- autonomic: thoracic and abdominal viscera
Test: gag reflex, ability to swallow, say ahh
CN XI
Accessory
efferent:
- voluntary: SCM and traps
Test: resisted shoulder shrug
CN XII
Hypoglossal
efferent:
- voluntary: muscles of tongue
Test: tongue protrusion
Olfactory Testing
- a positive test may be indicated by inability to identify familiar odors
Optic Testing
- therapist asks to identify objects or read selected items from chart
- positive if inability to identify objects at a reasonable distance
Oculomotor Testing
- have patient follow something with eyes as it is moved vertically, horizontally, and diagonally
- inspect eyes for ptosis
- positive is indicated by identified tracking deficit, asymmetry or ptosis
Trochlear Testing
- have patient follow something with their eyes in the inferior direction
- positive is indicated by inability to depress the eyes or complaints of diplopia
Trigeminal Testing
- therapist uses a cotton of safety pin to alternately touch the face
- positive sensory is impaired sensation or inability to differentiate between sharp and dull
- motor is tested by asking patient to perform mandibular protrusion, retrusion, and lateral deviation
- positive is inability to move mandible to through specific motions
Abducens testing
- have patient abduct their eyes without rotating head
- positive is inability to abduct eyes
Facial testing
- sensory: ask patient to distinguish sweet and salty substances placed on anterior portion of the tongue
- positive test is inability to identify salty and sweet
- motor is tested by performing manual muscle test of muscles involved in facial expression
- positive test is inability to mimic selected facial expressions
Vestibulocochlear Testing
- take a ticking watch toward the patients ear, record distance from ear that patient is able to hear ticking clock
- positive- is indicted by inability to hear the ticking sound at inches or bilateral difference
- can also use weber and rinne test (tuning fork)
glossoparyngeal testing
- patient touches pharynx with tongue depressor
- positive is lack of gagging or inability to feel tongue depressor
- sensory: have patient identify taste placed on posterior tongue
- positive is inability to distingush tastes, especially sour and bitter
vagus testing
- patient touches pharynx with tongue depressor
- positive is lack of gagging or inability to feel tongue depressor
- if gag reflex is absent, therapist should assess soft palate and uvula
Accessory testing
- test resisted shoulder shrug
hypoglossal testing
- have patient protrude tongue
- positive is inability to protrude tongue or tongue deviating to one side
