Neuro Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

akinesia

A

inability to initiate movement; common in parkinsons

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2
Q

asthenia

A

generalized weakness, typically secondary to cerebellar pathology

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3
Q

ataxia

A

inability to perform coordinated movements

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4
Q

athetosis

A

a condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. peripheral movements occur without central stability

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5
Q

bradykinesia

A

movement that is very slow

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6
Q

chorea

A

movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary

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7
Q

clasp knife response

A

a form of resistance seen during range of motion of a hypotonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement through the range of motion

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8
Q

clonus

A

a characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion, involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

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9
Q

cogwheel rigidity

A

a form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it; often seen with parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapidly alternating movments

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11
Q

dsmetria

A

inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity

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12
Q

dystonia

A

closely related to athetosis, however there is larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles

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13
Q

fasciculation

A

muscular twitch that is caused by random discharge of a lower motor neuron and its muscle fibers, suggests lower motor neuron disease but can be benign

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14
Q

hemiballism

A

an involuntary and violent movement of a large body part

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15
Q

kinesthesia

A

ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

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16
Q

lead pipe rigidity

A

a form of rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to range of motion; often associated with lesions of the basal ganglia

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17
Q

rigidity

A

a state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint

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18
Q

tremor

A

involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to a basal ganglia lesion

there are various classifications secondary to specific etiology

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19
Q

agnosia

A

inability to interpret information

20
Q

agraphesthesia

A

inability to represent symbols, letters or numbers traced on skin

21
Q

agraphia

A

inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia

22
Q

alexia

A

inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain

23
Q

anosogonsia

A

denial or unawareness of ones illness

24
Q

aphasia

A

inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain

25
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task

26
Q

astereognosis

A

inability to recognize objects by sense of touch

27
Q

body schema

A

having an understanding of the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole

28
Q

constructional apraxia

A

inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs

29
Q

decerebrate rigidity

A

a characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities

30
Q

decorticate rigidity

A

a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the UE are positioned in flexion

31
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

32
Q

dysarthria

A

slurred and impaired speech due to motor deficit

33
Q

dysphagia

A

inability to swallow

34
Q

dysprosody

A

impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech

35
Q

emotional lability

A

right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation

36
Q

fluent aphasia

A

characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content and is typically dysprosodic using neologistic jargon

37
Q

hemiparesis

A

condition of weakness on one side of body

38
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

39
Q

homonymous hemianopsia

A

loss of right or left half of field of vision in both eyes

40
Q

ideational apraxia

A

inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

41
Q

ideomotor apraxia

A

person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it
- automatic movement may occur, however, a person cannot impose additional movement on command

42
Q

neologism

A

substitution within a word that is so severe tat it makes the word unrecognizable

43
Q

non-fluent aphasia

A

characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphasias
writing is impaired

44
Q

perseveration

A

the state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word without purpose

45
Q

synergy

A

mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity due to brain damage