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NPTE Prep > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

ROM hip flexion

A

0-30

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2
Q

ROM hip extension

A

0-10

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3
Q

ROM knee flexion

A

0-60

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4
Q

ROM knee extension

A

0 degrees

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5
Q

ROM ankle dorsiflexion

A

0-10

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6
Q

ROM ankle plantar flexion

A

0-20

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7
Q

base of support

A

distance measured between left and right foot during gait
bos decreases as cadence increases
average bos for adults is 2-4 inches

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8
Q

cadence

A

number of steps an individual walks in a minute

average for adult is 110-120

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9
Q

degree of toe out

A

angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe
average for adults is 7 degrees

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10
Q

double support phase

A

the two times during gait cycle that the feet are on the ground
does not exist during running

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11
Q

pelvic rotation

A

pelvic rotation occurs opposite of the thorax in order to maintain balance and regulate speed
average for adults is 8 (4 degrees forward with swing leg and 4 degrees backward with stance leg)

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12
Q

single support phase

A

occurs when only one foot is on the ground

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13
Q

step length

A

distance measured between right heel strike and left heel strike
average step length for an adult is 28 inches

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14
Q

stride length

A

distance measured between right heel strike and right heel strike
average stride length is 56 inches

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15
Q

antalgic

A
  • stance time is decreased to avoid veight bearing on the involved side due to pain
  • associated with a rapid and shorter swing phase of the uninvolved limb
  • causes include disease, joint inflammation, injuries to muscles, tendons, or ligaments
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16
Q

ataxic

A
  • staggering and unsteadiness

- usually a wide base of support and movements are exaggerated

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17
Q

cerebellar

A

staggering gait seen in cerebellar disease

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18
Q

circumduction

A
  • characterized by circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase
  • may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion
19
Q

double step

A

gait pattern in which alternate steps are of different length or at a different rate

20
Q

equine

A
  • characterized by high steps

- usually involves excessive activity of the gastroc

21
Q

festinating

A
  • patient walks on toes as though being pushed

- starts slowly, increases, and may continue until the patient grasps an object to stop

22
Q

hemiplegic

A
  • in which patients abduct the paralyzed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the grown in front of them
23
Q

parkinsonion

A
  • marked by increased forward flexion of the trunk and knees

- shuffling with quick and small steps, festinating may occur

24
Q

scissor

A

a gait pattern in which the legs cross midline upon advancement

25
Q

spastic

A
  • a gait pattern with stiff movement; toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, and hip and knee joints slightly flexed
  • spastic paraplegia
26
Q

steppage

A

the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; secondary to dorsiflexor weakness
- foot slap at initial contact with the ground secondary to the decreased control

27
Q

tabetic

A
  • high stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground
28
Q

trendelenburg

A
  • gait pattern that denotes glute med weakness

- excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over stance leg

29
Q

vaulting

A
  • a gait pattern were the swing leg advances by compensating through the combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantar flexion of the stance leg
30
Q

foot slap causes

A
  • weak dorsiflexors

- dorsiflexor paralysis

31
Q

toe down instead of heel strike causes

A
  • plantar flexor spasticity
  • plantar flexor contracture
  • weak dorsiflexors
  • dorsiflexor paralysis
  • leg length discrepancy
  • hindfoot pain
32
Q

clawing of toes causes

A
  • toe flexor spasticity

- positive support reflex

33
Q

heel lift during midstance causes

A
  • insufficient dorsiflexion range

- plantar flexor spasticity

34
Q

no toe off causes

A
  • forefoot/toe pain
  • weak plantar flexors
  • weak toe flexors
  • insufficient plantar flexion range of motion
35
Q

exaggerated knee flexion at contact causes

A
  • weak quad
  • quad paralysis\
  • hamstring spasticity
  • insufficient extension range of motion
36
Q

hyperextension in stance causes

A
  • compensation for weak quad

- plantar flexor contracture

37
Q

exaggerated knee flexion at terminal stance cause-

A
  • knee flexion contracture

- hip flexion contracture

38
Q

insufficient flexion with swing causes

A
  • knee effusion
  • quad extension spasticity
  • plantar flexor spasticity
  • insufficient flexion range of motion
39
Q

excessive flexion with swing causes

A
  • flexor withdrawal reflex

- lower extremity flexor synergy

40
Q

insufficient hip flexion at initial contact causes

A
  • weak hip flexors
  • hip flexor paralysis
  • hip extensor spasticity
  • insufficient hip flexion range of motion
41
Q

insufficient hip extension at stance causes

A
  • insufficient hip extension range of motion
  • hip flexion contracture
  • lower extremity flexor synergy
42
Q

circumduction during swing causes

A
  • compensation for weak hip flexors
  • compensation for weak dorsiflexors
  • compensation for weak hamstrings
43
Q

hip hiking during swing causes

A
  • compensation for weak dorsiflexors
  • compensation for weak knee flexors
  • compensation for extensor synergy pattern
44
Q

exaggerated hip flexion during swing causes

A
  • lower extremity flexor synergy

- compensation for insufficient ankle dorsiflexion

NPTE Prep (74 decks)

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