Posture Flashcards

1
Q

Toes

A
  • should be strait
  • should extend forward in line with foot

Faulty

  • hammer toes (wearing toes too short)
  • bunion (hallux valgus) (wearing shoes that are too narrow)
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2
Q

Foot

A
  • longitudinal arch has the shape of a half dome
  • feet toe out slightly in shoes or barefoot
  • in heels, feet are parallel
  • in walking; feet are parallel and weight is transferred from ball of foot along outer border to the ball of the foot

Faulty

  • low longitudinal arch or flat foot
  • low metatarsal arch
  • weight borne on inner side of foot (pronation)
  • weight borne on outer border of foot (supination)
  • toeing out while walking or standing with heels
  • toeing in while walking or standing
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3
Q

Knees and legs

A
  • legs are straight up and down
  • kneecaps face ahead
  • no hyperextension or flexion

Faulty

  • knees touch when feet are apart
  • knees are apart when feet touch
  • knee curves slightly backward
  • knee bends slightly forward
  • kneecaps face slightly toward each other
  • kneecaps face slightly outward
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4
Q

Hips, pelvis, and spine BACK VIEW

A
  • body weight is evenly on both feet and hips are level
  • spine does not curve left or right

Faulty

  • hip is higher than other
  • hips are rotated so that one is farther forward than the other
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5
Q

spine and pelvis side view

A
  • front of pelvis and thighs are in a streait line
  • buttocks is not prominent in back but slope downward slightly
  • sacral curve is fixed curve

Faulty

  • low back arches too forward
  • pelvis tilts forward too much
  • low back curve has straightened
  • pelvis tilts too far back
  • increase in backward curve of upper back
  • increased forward curve in neck
  • lateral curve of spine (scoliosis)
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6
Q

abdomen

A
  • up to age 10, abdomen protrudes
  • older children and adults, should be flat

Faulty

  • entire abdomen protrudes
  • lower part of abdomen protrudes while upper part is pulled in
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7
Q

chest

A
  • slightly up and slightly forward
  • chest appears to be in a position about halfway between that of full inspiration and a forced expiration

Faulty

  • depressed or hollow chest position
  • lifted or held up too high, arching back
  • ribs more prominent on one side than the other
  • lower ribs flaring out or protruding
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8
Q

arms and shoulders

A
  • palms face body, elbows slightly bent, forearms hang slightly forward
  • shoulders are level and neither is forward or backward
  • shoulder blades light flat against rib cage, 4 inches of separation is normal

Faulty

  • arms held stiff in forward, backward, or out from body
  • palms face back
  • one shoulder higher than other
  • both shoulders hiked up
  • one shoulder rotated
  • shoulder blades pulled back to hard or too far apart
  • winging scapula
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9
Q

head

A
  • head is held erect in a position of good balance

Faulty

  • chin up too high
  • head protruding forward, head tilted or rotated to one side
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10
Q

Plumb line alignment

A
  • slightly posterior to coronal suture
  • through external auditory meatus
  • through axis of odontoid process
  • midway through tip of shoulder
  • through bodies of lumbar vertebrae
  • slightly posterior to hip joint
  • slightly anterior to axis of knee joint
  • slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
  • through calcaneocuboid joint
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