Posture Flashcards
1
Q
Toes
A
- should be strait
- should extend forward in line with foot
Faulty
- hammer toes (wearing toes too short)
- bunion (hallux valgus) (wearing shoes that are too narrow)
2
Q
Foot
A
- longitudinal arch has the shape of a half dome
- feet toe out slightly in shoes or barefoot
- in heels, feet are parallel
- in walking; feet are parallel and weight is transferred from ball of foot along outer border to the ball of the foot
Faulty
- low longitudinal arch or flat foot
- low metatarsal arch
- weight borne on inner side of foot (pronation)
- weight borne on outer border of foot (supination)
- toeing out while walking or standing with heels
- toeing in while walking or standing
3
Q
Knees and legs
A
- legs are straight up and down
- kneecaps face ahead
- no hyperextension or flexion
Faulty
- knees touch when feet are apart
- knees are apart when feet touch
- knee curves slightly backward
- knee bends slightly forward
- kneecaps face slightly toward each other
- kneecaps face slightly outward
4
Q
Hips, pelvis, and spine BACK VIEW
A
- body weight is evenly on both feet and hips are level
- spine does not curve left or right
Faulty
- hip is higher than other
- hips are rotated so that one is farther forward than the other
5
Q
spine and pelvis side view
A
- front of pelvis and thighs are in a streait line
- buttocks is not prominent in back but slope downward slightly
- sacral curve is fixed curve
Faulty
- low back arches too forward
- pelvis tilts forward too much
- low back curve has straightened
- pelvis tilts too far back
- increase in backward curve of upper back
- increased forward curve in neck
- lateral curve of spine (scoliosis)
6
Q
abdomen
A
- up to age 10, abdomen protrudes
- older children and adults, should be flat
Faulty
- entire abdomen protrudes
- lower part of abdomen protrudes while upper part is pulled in
7
Q
chest
A
- slightly up and slightly forward
- chest appears to be in a position about halfway between that of full inspiration and a forced expiration
Faulty
- depressed or hollow chest position
- lifted or held up too high, arching back
- ribs more prominent on one side than the other
- lower ribs flaring out or protruding
8
Q
arms and shoulders
A
- palms face body, elbows slightly bent, forearms hang slightly forward
- shoulders are level and neither is forward or backward
- shoulder blades light flat against rib cage, 4 inches of separation is normal
Faulty
- arms held stiff in forward, backward, or out from body
- palms face back
- one shoulder higher than other
- both shoulders hiked up
- one shoulder rotated
- shoulder blades pulled back to hard or too far apart
- winging scapula
9
Q
head
A
- head is held erect in a position of good balance
Faulty
- chin up too high
- head protruding forward, head tilted or rotated to one side
10
Q
Plumb line alignment
A
- slightly posterior to coronal suture
- through external auditory meatus
- through axis of odontoid process
- midway through tip of shoulder
- through bodies of lumbar vertebrae
- slightly posterior to hip joint
- slightly anterior to axis of knee joint
- slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
- through calcaneocuboid joint