Primitive Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Asymmetrical Tonic neck reflex

A

stimulus
- head position, turned to one side

response
- arm and leg on face side are extended, arm and leg on scalp side are flexed, spine curved with convexity toward face side

normal age of response
- birth to 6 months

persistent negative interference

  • feeding
  • visual tracking
  • midline use of hands
  • rolling
  • bilateral hand use
  • development of crawling
  • can lead to skeletal deformities
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2
Q

symmetrical tonic neck reflex

A

stimulus
- head position, extension or flexion

response

  • when head is flexed, arms are flexed, legs are extended
  • when head is extended, arms are extended and legs are flexed

normal age of response
- 6-8 months

persistent negative interference

  • ability to prop on arms in prone
  • attaining and maintaining hands and knees position
  • crawling reciprocally
  • sitting balance when looking around
  • use of hands when looking at object in hands in sitting position
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3
Q

tonic labyrinthine reflex

A

stimulus
- position of labyrinth in inner ear - reflected in head position

response

  • in supine, body and extremities are held in extension
  • in prone, body and extremities are held in flexion

normal age of response
- birth to 6 months

persistent negative interference

  • ability to initiate rolling
  • ability to prop on elbows with extended hips when prone
  • ability to flex trunk and hips to come to sitting position from supine position
  • often causes full body extension, which interferes with balance in sitting or standing
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4
Q

galant reflex

A

stimulus
- touch to skin along spine from shoulder to hip

response
- lateral flexion of trunk to side of stimulus

normal age of response
- 30 weeks of gestation to 2 months

persistent negative interference

  • development of sitting balance
  • can lead to scoliosis
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5
Q

palmar grasp reflex

A

stimulus
- pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand

response
- flexion of fingers causing strong grip

normal age of response
- birth to 4 months

persistent negative interference

  • ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily
  • weight bearing on open hand for propping, crawling, protective responses
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6
Q

plantar grasp reflex

A

stimulus
- pressure to base of toes

response
- toe flexion

normal age of response
- 28 weeks of gestation to 9 months

persistent negative interference

  • ability to stand with feet flat on surface
  • balance reactions and weight shifting in standing
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7
Q

rooting reflex

A

stimulus
- touch on cheek

response
- turning head to same side with mouth open

normal age of response
- 28 weeks of gestation to 3 months

persistent negative interference

  • oral motor development
  • development of midline control of head
  • optical righting, visual tracking, and social interaction
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8
Q

moro reflex

A

stimulus
- head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches

response
- arms abduct with fingers open, then cross trunk into adduction, cry

normal age of response
- 28 weeks of gestation to 5 months

persistent negative interference

  • balance reactions in sitting
  • protective responses in sitting
  • eye-hand coordination, visual tracking
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9
Q

startle reflex

A

stimulus
- loud, sudden noise

response
- similar to moro, but elbows remain flexed and hands closed

normal age of response
- 28 weeks gestation to 5 months

persistent negative interference

  • sitting balance
  • protective responses in sitting
  • eye-hand coordination, visual tracking
  • social interaction, attention
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10
Q

positive support reflex

A

stimulus
- supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface

response
- reciprocal flexion/extension of legs

normal age of response
- 38 weeks gestation to 2 months

persistent negative interference

  • standing and walking
  • balance reactions and weight shifting in standing
  • development of smooth, coordinated reciprocal movements of LE
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