Primitive Reflexes Flashcards
Asymmetrical Tonic neck reflex
stimulus
- head position, turned to one side
response
- arm and leg on face side are extended, arm and leg on scalp side are flexed, spine curved with convexity toward face side
normal age of response
- birth to 6 months
persistent negative interference
- feeding
- visual tracking
- midline use of hands
- rolling
- bilateral hand use
- development of crawling
- can lead to skeletal deformities
symmetrical tonic neck reflex
stimulus
- head position, extension or flexion
response
- when head is flexed, arms are flexed, legs are extended
- when head is extended, arms are extended and legs are flexed
normal age of response
- 6-8 months
persistent negative interference
- ability to prop on arms in prone
- attaining and maintaining hands and knees position
- crawling reciprocally
- sitting balance when looking around
- use of hands when looking at object in hands in sitting position
tonic labyrinthine reflex
stimulus
- position of labyrinth in inner ear - reflected in head position
response
- in supine, body and extremities are held in extension
- in prone, body and extremities are held in flexion
normal age of response
- birth to 6 months
persistent negative interference
- ability to initiate rolling
- ability to prop on elbows with extended hips when prone
- ability to flex trunk and hips to come to sitting position from supine position
- often causes full body extension, which interferes with balance in sitting or standing
galant reflex
stimulus
- touch to skin along spine from shoulder to hip
response
- lateral flexion of trunk to side of stimulus
normal age of response
- 30 weeks of gestation to 2 months
persistent negative interference
- development of sitting balance
- can lead to scoliosis
palmar grasp reflex
stimulus
- pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand
response
- flexion of fingers causing strong grip
normal age of response
- birth to 4 months
persistent negative interference
- ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily
- weight bearing on open hand for propping, crawling, protective responses
plantar grasp reflex
stimulus
- pressure to base of toes
response
- toe flexion
normal age of response
- 28 weeks of gestation to 9 months
persistent negative interference
- ability to stand with feet flat on surface
- balance reactions and weight shifting in standing
rooting reflex
stimulus
- touch on cheek
response
- turning head to same side with mouth open
normal age of response
- 28 weeks of gestation to 3 months
persistent negative interference
- oral motor development
- development of midline control of head
- optical righting, visual tracking, and social interaction
moro reflex
stimulus
- head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches
response
- arms abduct with fingers open, then cross trunk into adduction, cry
normal age of response
- 28 weeks of gestation to 5 months
persistent negative interference
- balance reactions in sitting
- protective responses in sitting
- eye-hand coordination, visual tracking
startle reflex
stimulus
- loud, sudden noise
response
- similar to moro, but elbows remain flexed and hands closed
normal age of response
- 28 weeks gestation to 5 months
persistent negative interference
- sitting balance
- protective responses in sitting
- eye-hand coordination, visual tracking
- social interaction, attention
positive support reflex
stimulus
- supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface
response
- reciprocal flexion/extension of legs
normal age of response
- 38 weeks gestation to 2 months
persistent negative interference
- standing and walking
- balance reactions and weight shifting in standing
- development of smooth, coordinated reciprocal movements of LE