Muscle physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

ATP-PC system

Anaerobic glycolyis

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2
Q

ATP-PC system

A
  • used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 m
  • theres 2-3x more phosphocreatine in cells of muscles than ATP
  • provides muscle contraction for up to 15 seconds
  • does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
  • does not depend on transporting oxygen we breathe
  • both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle
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3
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A
  • the energy system is a major supplier of ATP during high intensity, short duration such as sprinting 800m
  • 50% slower than ATP-PC system
  • provides 30-40 second muscle contraction
  • does not require oxygen
  • only uses carbohydrates
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4
Q

aerobic metabolism

A
  • low intensity, long duration exercises

- uses fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose with oxygen and releases energy to form ATP

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5
Q

Free nerve endings

A

location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
sensitivity: one type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress; other is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli

primary distribution: all joints

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6
Q

golgi ligament endings

A

location: ligaments, adjacent to ligaments bony attachments
sensitivity: tension or stretch on ligaments

primary distribution: majority of joints

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7
Q

golgi-mazzoni corpuscles

A

location: joint capsule
sensitivity: compression of joint capsule

primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule

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8
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, high velocity changes in joint position

primary distribution: all joints

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9
Q

Ruffini endings

A

location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position

primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions

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10
Q

Muscle spindle

A
  • distributed throughout the belly of the muscle
  • send info to nervous system about muscle length and rate of change of its length
  • important in the control of posture, and with help of gamma system, involuntary movements
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11
Q

golgi tendon organ

A
  • encapsulated sensory receptors through which muscle tendons pass immediately beyond their attachment to the muscle fibers
  • very sensitive to tension when produced from active muscle contraction
  • function to transmit info about tension or rate of change of tension within the muscle
  • 10-15 muscle fibers are connect to each golgi tendon organ
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12
Q

Type 1 fibers

A
aerobic
red
tonic
slow twitch
slow-oxidative
low fatigability
high capillary density
high myoglobin content
small fibers
extensive blood supply
large amount of mitochondria
marathon, swimming
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13
Q

type 2 fibers

A
anaerobic
red/white (type a/type B)
phasic
fast twitch
fast-glycolytic
high fatigability
low capillary density
low myoglobin content
larger fibers
less blood supply 
fewer mitochondria
high jump, sprinting
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