Muscle physiology Flashcards
Anaerobic metabolism
ATP-PC system
Anaerobic glycolyis
ATP-PC system
- used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 m
- theres 2-3x more phosphocreatine in cells of muscles than ATP
- provides muscle contraction for up to 15 seconds
- does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
- does not depend on transporting oxygen we breathe
- both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle
Anaerobic Glycolysis
- the energy system is a major supplier of ATP during high intensity, short duration such as sprinting 800m
- 50% slower than ATP-PC system
- provides 30-40 second muscle contraction
- does not require oxygen
- only uses carbohydrates
aerobic metabolism
- low intensity, long duration exercises
- uses fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose with oxygen and releases energy to form ATP
Free nerve endings
location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
sensitivity: one type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress; other is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli
primary distribution: all joints
golgi ligament endings
location: ligaments, adjacent to ligaments bony attachments
sensitivity: tension or stretch on ligaments
primary distribution: majority of joints
golgi-mazzoni corpuscles
location: joint capsule
sensitivity: compression of joint capsule
primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule
pacinian corpuscles
location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, high velocity changes in joint position
primary distribution: all joints
Ruffini endings
location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position
primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions
Muscle spindle
- distributed throughout the belly of the muscle
- send info to nervous system about muscle length and rate of change of its length
- important in the control of posture, and with help of gamma system, involuntary movements
golgi tendon organ
- encapsulated sensory receptors through which muscle tendons pass immediately beyond their attachment to the muscle fibers
- very sensitive to tension when produced from active muscle contraction
- function to transmit info about tension or rate of change of tension within the muscle
- 10-15 muscle fibers are connect to each golgi tendon organ
Type 1 fibers
aerobic red tonic slow twitch slow-oxidative
low fatigability high capillary density high myoglobin content small fibers extensive blood supply large amount of mitochondria marathon, swimming
type 2 fibers
anaerobic red/white (type a/type B) phasic fast twitch fast-glycolytic
high fatigability low capillary density low myoglobin content larger fibers less blood supply fewer mitochondria high jump, sprinting