Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards
1
Q
Ambulatory electrocardiography
A
- holter monitoring
- ecg electrodes are placed on the chest and attached to a small recording monitor carried in a pocket
- ecg is recorded for 24-48 hours
2
Q
angiography
A
- radiologic examination that injects a contrast medium into blood vessels
- can show the location of plaques in the coronary arteries and the extent of occlusion
3
Q
bronchoscopy
A
- a procedure for direct visualization of the bronchial tree performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
- can identify tumors, bronchitis, foreign bodies and bleeding
- tissue specimens may be removed from the lungs by biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage
4
Q
cardiac catheterization
A
- a thin catheter inserted into a artery in the leg or arm is advanced to the coronary arteries where a contrast dye is injected
- can evaluate narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries and measure blood pressure in the heart and oxygen in the blood
5
Q
carotid ultrasound
A
- uses sound wave to examine the structure and function of carotid artery
- screens for blockage that may indicate increased risk of stroke and to evaluate the placement of a stent or the function of the artery after a carotid endarerectomy
6
Q
chest radiograph
A
- visualize the location, size, shape of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, ribs, and bones of the spine
- can reveal fluid in lungs or pleural space, pneumonia, emphysema, cancer, and other conditions
7
Q
CT scan
A
- creates picture of organ and surrounding structure
8
Q
Echocardiography
A
- uses high frequency sound waves non invasively to evaluate the function of the heart via real time images
- can provide information on the size and function of the ventricles, thickness of the septums, and function of the walls, valves, nd chambers of the heart
- transthoracic echocardiography is placed on chest
- trancsesophageal echocardiography is passed in to the esophagus
9
Q
electrophysiologic testing
A
- evaluates the rhythm or electrical conduction abnormalities of the heart using three to five catheters inserted into a blood vessel and threaded to the heart
10
Q
fluoroscopy
A
- involves a relatively high dose of radiation
- has been largely replaced by echocardiography and other tests
11
Q
invasive hemodynamic monitoring
A
- continuous monitoring of the cardiovascular status is performed by intra-arterial catheters and intravenous lines that measure pressure, volume, and temp
- a balloon catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery to obtain pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left atrial pressure
- a thermodilution catheter can be used to measure cardiac output
- a central venous line measures pressure in the vena cava or right atrium
12
Q
MRI
A
create 3D images to assess size and function of chambers, thickness and movement of walls, extent of damage of MI or heart disease, structural problems in the aorta, and the presence of plaque or blockages in blood vessels
13
Q
myocardial perfusion imaging
A
- radionuclide stress test and nuclear stress test show how well the heart muscle is perfused at rest and under exercise stress
- images of the heart reveal areas that have reduced blood supply due to narrowing of one or more coronary arteries
14
Q
pharmacologic stress test
A
- is induced by pharmacologic agents when contraindications to a routine exercise stress test exist, or when the patient is unable to exercise due to injury or another debilitating condition
- pharmacologic agents used include adenosine, dipryidamole, and dobutamine
15
Q
phonocardiography
A
- creates a graphic record, or phonogram, of the sounds produced by the heart and great vessels
- supplements auscultation and improves the detection of S3 and S4 heart sounds in the diagnosis of heart failure
