Muscle Testing Flashcards
Zero 0/5
the subject demonstrates no palpable muscle contraction
Trace 1/5
the subjects muscle contraction can be palpated but there is no joint movement
Poor Minus 2-/5
the subject does not complete range of motion in a gravity eliminated position
Poor 2/5
the subject completes range of motion in a gravity eliminated position
Poor Plus 2+/5
the subject is able to initiate movement against gravity
Fair Minus 3-/5
the subject does not complete full ROM against gravity, but does complete more than half
Fair 3/5
subject completes full ROM against gravity without resistance
Fair Plus 3+/5
subject completes ROM against gravity with min resistance
Good Minus 4-/5
subject completes ROM against gravity with min-mod resistance
Good 4/5
subject completes ROM against gravity with mod resistance
Good Plus 4+/5
subject completes ROM against gravity with mod-max resistance
Normal 5/5
subject completes ROM against gravity with max resistance
What muscles to test in supine
abdominals anterior delt biceps brachioradialis finger flexors finger extensors iliopsoas infraspinatus lateral rotators of shoulder medial rotators of shoulder neck flexors pec major pec minor peroneals pronators sartorius serratus anterior supinators tensor fasciae latae teres minor thumb muscles tibialis anterior tibialis posterior toe extensors toe flexors triceps wrist extensors wrist flexors
what muscles to test in sidelying
glute med
glute min
hip adductors
lateral abdominals
what muscles to test in prone
back extensors gastroc glute max hamstrings lateral rotators of the shoulder latissimus dorsi lower trap medial rotators of shoulder middle trap neck extensors posterior delt quadratus lumborum rhomboids soleus teres major triceps
what muscles to test in sitting
coracobrachialis deltoid hip flexors lateral rotators of hip medial rotators of hip quads upper trap serratus anteriors
what muscles to test in standing
ankle plantar flexors
serratus anterior
active insufficiency
when a two joint muscle is incapable of shortening to the extent required to produce full range of motion at all joints crossed simultaneously
passive insufficiency
when a two joint muscle cannot lengthen to the extent required to allow full range of motion of all joints it crosses simultaneously
Handheld dynamometer
used to assess grip strength
- a dominant grip strength is usually 5-10 pounds greater than the non-dominant grip strength
Isometric dynamometry
measures the static strength of a muscle group without any movement
Benefits
- attaining peak and average force data, reaction time data, rate of motor recruitment, and maximal exertion data
- relatively safe, simple to use, easy to interpret data, cost effective
Disadvantages
- inability to convert data to functional activities, as well as need for caution with patients with acute orthopedic injury, osteoporosis, or hernia
- contraindicated for patients with fractures or significant hypertension
Isokinetic dynamometry
measures the strength of a muscle group during a movement with constant, predetermined speed. This device will alter the resistance to accommodate for the change in the length-tension ratio and lever arm throughout the entire arc of motion. The muscle gropu will therefore maximally contract throughout the motion. Common speeds of motion include 60, 120, 180 degrees per second
benefits
- the ability to test the muscle strength at various speeds, the ability to measure the patient’s power, and that the patient will never have more resistance than they can handle during the testing
disadvantages
- high cost of operation for the device , limitations in patterns of movement, a higher level of understanding required by the patient, and that this method does not truly correlate to function since people do not perform at a constant velocity during daily activities
