Muscle Testing

Question 1

Zero 0/5

Answer 1

the subject demonstrates no palpable muscle contraction

Question 2

Trace 1/5

Answer 2

the subjects muscle contraction can be palpated but there is no joint movement

Question 3

Poor Minus 2-/5

Answer 3

the subject does not complete range of motion in a gravity eliminated position

Question 4

Poor 2/5

Answer 4

the subject completes range of motion in a gravity eliminated position

Question 5

Poor Plus 2+/5

Answer 5

the subject is able to initiate movement against gravity

Question 6

Fair Minus 3-/5

Answer 6

the subject does not complete full ROM against gravity, but does complete more than half

Question 7

Fair 3/5

Answer 7

subject completes full ROM against gravity without resistance

Question 8

Fair Plus 3+/5

Answer 8

subject completes ROM against gravity with min resistance

Question 9

Good Minus 4-/5

Answer 9

subject completes ROM against gravity with min-mod resistance

Question 10

Good 4/5

Answer 10

subject completes ROM against gravity with mod resistance

Question 11

Good Plus 4+/5

Answer 11

subject completes ROM against gravity with mod-max resistance

Question 12

Normal 5/5

Answer 12

subject completes ROM against gravity with max resistance

Question 13

What muscles to test in supine

Answer 13

abdominals
anterior delt
biceps
brachioradialis
finger flexors
finger extensors
iliopsoas
infraspinatus
lateral rotators of shoulder
medial rotators of shoulder
neck flexors
pec major
pec minor
peroneals
pronators
sartorius
serratus anterior
supinators
tensor fasciae latae
teres minor
thumb muscles
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
toe extensors
toe flexors
triceps
wrist extensors
wrist flexors

Question 14

what muscles to test in sidelying

Answer 14

glute med
glute min
hip adductors
lateral abdominals

Question 15

what muscles to test in prone

Answer 15

back extensors
gastroc
glute max
hamstrings
lateral rotators of the shoulder
latissimus dorsi
lower trap
medial rotators of shoulder
middle trap
neck extensors
posterior delt
quadratus lumborum
rhomboids
soleus
teres major
triceps

Question 16

what muscles to test in sitting

Answer 16

coracobrachialis
deltoid
hip flexors
lateral rotators of hip
medial rotators of hip
quads
upper trap
serratus anteriors

Question 17

what muscles to test in standing

Answer 17

ankle plantar flexors

serratus anterior

Question 18

active insufficiency

Answer 18

when a two joint muscle is incapable of shortening to the extent required to produce full range of motion at all joints crossed simultaneously

Question 19

passive insufficiency

Answer 19

when a two joint muscle cannot lengthen to the extent required to allow full range of motion of all joints it crosses simultaneously

Question 20

Handheld dynamometer

Answer 20

used to assess grip strength

- a dominant grip strength is usually 5-10 pounds greater than the non-dominant grip strength

Question 21

Isometric dynamometry

Answer 21

measures the static strength of a muscle group without any movement

Benefits

• attaining peak and average force data, reaction time data, rate of motor recruitment, and maximal exertion data
• relatively safe, simple to use, easy to interpret data, cost effective

Disadvantages

• inability to convert data to functional activities, as well as need for caution with patients with acute orthopedic injury, osteoporosis, or hernia
• contraindicated for patients with fractures or significant hypertension

Question 22

Isokinetic dynamometry

Answer 22

measures the strength of a muscle group during a movement with constant, predetermined speed. This device will alter the resistance to accommodate for the change in the length-tension ratio and lever arm throughout the entire arc of motion. The muscle gropu will therefore maximally contract throughout the motion. Common speeds of motion include 60, 120, 180 degrees per second

benefits
- the ability to test the muscle strength at various speeds, the ability to measure the patient’s power, and that the patient will never have more resistance than they can handle during the testing

disadvantages
- high cost of operation for the device , limitations in patterns of movement, a higher level of understanding required by the patient, and that this method does not truly correlate to function since people do not perform at a constant velocity during daily activities