Medical procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Atherectomy

A
  • a surgical procedure similar to angioplasty except that the catheter has a rotating shaver to cut away plaque from the artery and increase blood flow
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2
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

A
  • an implanted device that continuously monitors the heart rhythm and delivers electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm when necessary
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3
Q

balloon angioplasty

A
  • inserting a small balloon-tipped catheter into a stenotic artery and expanding the balloon at the site of blockage to help widen a narrowed artery
  • usually combined with implantation of a small metal coil called a stent in the narrowed artery to help prop it open and decrease the chance of restenosis
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4
Q

balloon valvuloplasty

A
  • treats stenotic heart valves

- balloon inflates narrowed valve

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5
Q

cardiac ablation

A
  • uses radio frequencies or chemicals to destroy areas of the myocardium that have been identified by electrophysiolgic testing to be causing cardiac arrhythmia
  • an option for patients with tachyarrhythmias that cannot be controlled by medication or who have arrhythmias that respond well to ablation, such as wolff parkinson white syndrome
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6
Q

cardiac pacemaker

A
  • battery powered device placed under the skin, usually in the left anterior chest wall
  • by preventing a slow heart rate, pacemakers can treat fatigue, lightheadedness, and fainting
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7
Q

cardioversion

A
  • performed to restore a normal heart rhythm for tachyarrhythmias that do not respond to medication
  • electrical shocks are delivered by a defibrillator through electrodes on the chest
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8
Q

coronary artery bypass craft surgery

A
  • treat coronary arteries that are narrowed or occluded in an attempt to revascularize the myocardium
  • blood is rerouted around the affected artery joining the patient’s own and saphenous vein, internal thoracic/mammary artery, or radial artery to connect the affected artery above and below the occulsion
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9
Q

enhanced extracorporeal counterpulsation

A
  • inflation of pressure cuffs on the lower extremities compresses the veins and assists with venous return to the heart
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10
Q

heart transplant

A
  • a failing diseased heart is replaced with a healthier donor heart
  • reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure for whom other treatments have not been successful
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11
Q

intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation

A
  • inflation and deflation of a balloon surgically placed in the aorta provides circulatory assistance for patients after infarction or with cardiogenic shock
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12
Q

valve replacement

A
  • a prosthetic valve is implanted in the heart to replace a leaky or narrowed heart valve
  • prosthetic valves may be either mechanical or tissue grafts
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13
Q

ventricular assist devices

A
  • miniature pump that is implanted in the chest to provide mechanical support to the ventricle
  • bypasses ventricles
  • commonly used as a temporary treatment or people waiting for a heart transplant and increasingly as a permanent treatment for heart failure
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14
Q

airway adjuncts

A

provided mechanical ventilation or promote airway clearance

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15
Q

airway suctioning

A
  • mechanical aspiration of secretions from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and trachea using a suction catheter
    indications include increased or thickened secretions and inadequate cough
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16
Q

bullectomy

A
  • surgical procedure in which one or more of the large air spaces called bullae that form when the alveoli are destroyed by emphysema are removed
17
Q

lobectomy

A
  • surgical removal of a lobe of one lung
18
Q

lung transplant

A

replace one or both diseased or failing lungs with healthy donor lungs
- reserved for end-stage COPD, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and other serious lung diseases, but who do not have serious comorbidities

19
Q

lung volume reduction surgery

A

a portion of the lung tissue damaged by emphysema is removed

20
Q

mechanical ventilation

A
  • for patients who need assistance to breathe from a positive pressure mechanical ventilator or breathing machine
  • the positive pressure from the ventilator provides the force that delivers air into the lungs by increasing intrathoracic pressure
21
Q

oxygen therapy

A
  • indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic hypoxemia in patients with PaO2 <55 or an oxygen saturation <88% while seated at rest, or a PaO2 of 56-59 or oxygen saturation of <89% in the presence of cor pulmonale or polycythemia
22
Q

throacotomy

A
  • a surgical incision cutting the chest wall to access the heart, great vessels, lungs, esophagus, and diaphragm for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
23
Q

tracheostomy

A
  • a surgically created hole through the neck into the trachea below the level of the vocal cords
  • airway obstruction at or above the level of the larynx and respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation