Medical procedures Flashcards
1
Q
Atherectomy
A
- a surgical procedure similar to angioplasty except that the catheter has a rotating shaver to cut away plaque from the artery and increase blood flow
2
Q
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
A
- an implanted device that continuously monitors the heart rhythm and delivers electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm when necessary
3
Q
balloon angioplasty
A
- inserting a small balloon-tipped catheter into a stenotic artery and expanding the balloon at the site of blockage to help widen a narrowed artery
- usually combined with implantation of a small metal coil called a stent in the narrowed artery to help prop it open and decrease the chance of restenosis
4
Q
balloon valvuloplasty
A
- treats stenotic heart valves
- balloon inflates narrowed valve
5
Q
cardiac ablation
A
- uses radio frequencies or chemicals to destroy areas of the myocardium that have been identified by electrophysiolgic testing to be causing cardiac arrhythmia
- an option for patients with tachyarrhythmias that cannot be controlled by medication or who have arrhythmias that respond well to ablation, such as wolff parkinson white syndrome
6
Q
cardiac pacemaker
A
- battery powered device placed under the skin, usually in the left anterior chest wall
- by preventing a slow heart rate, pacemakers can treat fatigue, lightheadedness, and fainting
7
Q
cardioversion
A
- performed to restore a normal heart rhythm for tachyarrhythmias that do not respond to medication
- electrical shocks are delivered by a defibrillator through electrodes on the chest
8
Q
coronary artery bypass craft surgery
A
- treat coronary arteries that are narrowed or occluded in an attempt to revascularize the myocardium
- blood is rerouted around the affected artery joining the patient’s own and saphenous vein, internal thoracic/mammary artery, or radial artery to connect the affected artery above and below the occulsion
9
Q
enhanced extracorporeal counterpulsation
A
- inflation of pressure cuffs on the lower extremities compresses the veins and assists with venous return to the heart
10
Q
heart transplant
A
- a failing diseased heart is replaced with a healthier donor heart
- reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure for whom other treatments have not been successful
11
Q
intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
A
- inflation and deflation of a balloon surgically placed in the aorta provides circulatory assistance for patients after infarction or with cardiogenic shock
12
Q
valve replacement
A
- a prosthetic valve is implanted in the heart to replace a leaky or narrowed heart valve
- prosthetic valves may be either mechanical or tissue grafts
13
Q
ventricular assist devices
A
- miniature pump that is implanted in the chest to provide mechanical support to the ventricle
- bypasses ventricles
- commonly used as a temporary treatment or people waiting for a heart transplant and increasingly as a permanent treatment for heart failure
14
Q
airway adjuncts
A
provided mechanical ventilation or promote airway clearance
15
Q
airway suctioning
A
- mechanical aspiration of secretions from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and trachea using a suction catheter
indications include increased or thickened secretions and inadequate cough