MT module 2 Flashcards
Anatomical position describe
standard position. describe
the position in which the body is standing upright, head facing forward, and arms extended by the side of the body with the palms oriented to the front. Right and left are based on the subject’s point of view rather than from the point of view of the observer.
Abdomin/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the abdomen
Umbilical
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Middle area of the middle row containing the umbilicus.
Epigastric
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
(epi- = above; gastro/o = stomach; -ic = pertaining to
The middle area of the upper row that is above the stomach.
Left hypochondriac
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
The left lateral side of the upper row.
Right lumbar
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Lumb/o = low back; -ar = pertaining to
Right lateral side of the middle row, near the waist.
Left lumbar:
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Left lateral side of the middle row.
Right iliac
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Ili/o = ilium; -ac = pertaining to
Right lateral side of the lower row near the groin
Hypogastric
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Hypo- = below; gastr/o = stomach; -ic = pertaining to
Middle area of the lower row.
Left iliac:
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Left lateral side of the lower row.
abdominopelvic cavity
Divides into two cavities. What are they
generally divided into the superior section of the **abdominal cavity **and the inferior section of the pelvic cavity. However, there is not a physical structure that divides the two.
abdominal cavity
From abdominopelvic cavity. What does it contain
contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.
abdominopelvic cavity
clinical divisions. How many divisions for typical ?
are used for descriptive and diagnostic purposes. There are four divisions
anatomy
What are the word parts. greek meaning
Ana = apart
tome = to cut
Literally means to cut up or to cut apart. Anatomy is the study of specific locations, positions, or directions of the human body
Ante- + cubit/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the front of the elbow
Anterior
Directional Terms
In front of, before, the front side of the body
The nose is located on the anterior side of the head.
Anter/o
autonomic nervous system
is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. It contains three anatomically distinct divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.
Axillary
Body Surface Terms
Underarm area
Which body cavities are on the anterior side of the body?
Anterior side of the body has the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavities.
Which body cavities are on the posterior side?
Posterior side of the body has the cranial and spinal cavities
How many body planes are there?
There are four body planes that are used in the study of the human body.
sagittal ,midsagittal , transverse or horizontal plane , coronal or fro
Brachi/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the arm
Caudal
Directional Terms
AKA inferior in position. towards the tail away from the head
The cauda equina is a specific part of the spinal cord that is located a
Caud/o
What are Cavities
are hollow spaces that contain organs. They are enclosed with membranes that are specific to the cavities that they cover.
Cephalic
Directional Terms
Pertaining to the head, superior in position
When a fetus has a cephalic presentation at birth, it means that any par
Cephal/o
Cervic/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the neck
Connective tissue
builds the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. It is the most abundant tissue in the body.
The most abundant tissue in the body
coronal or frontal plane
Which direction of body plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. It is at a right angle to the midsagittal plane.
Crani/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the skull
cranial cavity
What is and what contains
contains the brain. The brain is protected by a membrane sac called the meninges. Additionally, it is protected by the skull.
Deep
Directional Terms
Further below the surface
The deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that covers the muscles, nerves, a
No combining form
Define anatomical position
Anatomical position refers to the position in which the body is standing upright, head facing forward, and arms extended by the side of the body with the palms oriented to the front
Define body cavity
Cavities are hollow spaces that contain organs
Define the four body positions described in the module.
Not body planes
Prone describes the body positioned horizontally, face down, with the back oriented superiorly.
Supine describes the body positioned horizontally, face up, with the back oriented inferiorly.
Lithotomy position is a supine position with the buttocks at the end of the examination table, the hips and knees are flexed, and the feet are supported by stirrups. This is frequently used in gynecological examinations and surgeries.
The Fowler position is also known as the semi recumbent position. This is a supine position
Define tissue
A tissue is a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function
Describe the four body planes.
Name and describe.
**Sagittal **plane- divides the body or structure vertically into right and left sections.
Midsagittal plane- divides the body or structure into equal right and left halves at the midline.
Transverse or horizontal plane divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections.
Coronal or **frontal plane **divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. It is at a right angle to the midsagittal plane.
What is Directional terms
describe the location of a body part in relation to another body part
Distal
Directional Terms
Away from the point of attachment, far from the point of origin
The hand is distal to the elbow.
Dist/o
Epithelial tissue
One of the four tissues
forms the outer surfaces of the body and lines body cavities, as well as the tubes that lead to the exterior of the body. It has several different functions including protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, and diffusion. Epithelial tissue protects via the skin by forming a physical barrier over underlying tissue. This type of tissue forms specialized cells in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue to help the body interpret sensory stimuli. Epithelial tissue secretes substances such as hormones, enzymes, and lubricating fluids from various glands. Furthermore, epithelial tissue lines the small intestine and aids the body in absorbing nutrients from food. It also excretes waste products in the kidneys and sweat from the skin. Finally, epithelial tissue is found in the lungs and capillaries where the diffusion of gases, liquids, and nutrients occurs.
Femor/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the femur/thigh
Genit/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the genitals
Glute/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the buttocks
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium that supports and sustains life and is maintained in the body’s internal environment
Homeostasis
a state of equilibrium that is maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life. All of the individual parts contribute to maintaining homeostasis.
Inferior
Directional Terms
Below, in a downward direction; more toward the feet
The feet are inferior to the abdomen.
Infer/o
Inguin/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the groin
Lateral
Directional Terms
To the side, away from the middle
The arms are lateral to the abdomen.
Later/o
List the body systems.
systems…..
Integumentary, - skin
skeletal,
muscular,
nervous,
endocrine, - made up of glands that make hormones.
cardiovascular,
blood and lymphatic- part of your immune system,
respiratory,
digestive,
urinary,
reproductive
List the four different tissue types found in the human body.
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Epithelial tissue
List the levels of organization of the body
organization
atom, molecules, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Lithotomy position
Body Position Terminology
is a supine position in which the buttocks are at the end of the examination table, the hips and knees are flexed, and the feet are supported by stirrups. This is frequently used in gynecological examinations and surgeries.
is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certai
Lower extremity
Body Surface Terms
The entire leg
Medial
Directional Terms
Nearest to the midline or middle
The umbilicus is in the medial area of the abdomen.
Medi/o
mediastinum
The thoracic cavity can be further divided into. What organs are in this
is the central region of the thoracic cavity, and it contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, and thymus gland
midsagittal plane
divides the body or structure into equal right and left halves at the midline
Nas/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the nose
Nervous tissue
Tissue. What does it do
functions to communicate throughout the body. Nerve cells are excitable and can conduct electricity. Nervous tissue coordinates and controls the functions of the body.
Or/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the mouth
Orbit/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the eye socket
Organs
organization. give examples of
are structures in the body that perform specific purposes. Examples of organs include the heart, liver, kidneys, brain, and skin.
Ot/o + -ic
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the ear
Palmar
Body Surface Terms
The palm of the hand
Patell/o + -ar
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the kneecap
Pelv/o + -ic
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the pelvis
pelvic cavity
From abdominopelvic cavity. What does it contain
contains the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and the last section of the large intestine in both sexes. The pelvic cavity also contains the reproductive organs. In females, these are the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. In males, these are the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and the vas deferens.
peritoneum
what is it?
The abdominopelvic cavity is covered by a membrane called
Plantar
Body Surface Terms
The sole of the foot
pleural cavities
The thoracic cavity can be further divided into
are two pleural cavities, and they are located lateral to the mediastinum on either side. Each pleural cavity contains a lung and is covered by a membrane called the pleura.
Popliteal
Body Surface Terms
The area behind the knee
Posterior
Directional Terms
Toward the back, the backside of the body
The buttocks are located on the posterior side of the body.
Poster/o
Prone
Body Position Terminology
describes the body being positioned horizontally and face down, with the back oriented superiorly.
Proximal
Directional Terms
Nearest to the point of attachment, near the point of origin
The elbow is proximal to the hand.
Proxim/o
Right hypochondriac
abdominal cavity with nine different sections
Hypo- = below; chondr/o = cartilage; -iac = pertaining to
The right lateral side of the upper row under the ribs that connect to the sternum via cartilage.
sagittal plane
body planes. how does it divide
divides the body or structure vertically into right and left sections.
Scapula/o + -ar
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the shoulder blade
What organs are in Mediastinum
sections of the thoracic cavity
contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland.
What organs are in Pleural
sections of the thoracic cavity
Each pleural cavity contains one lung
spinal cavity
What does it contain and what protected by
contains the spinal cord. It is protected by the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and is also covered by the meninges.
Stern/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the sternum
Superficial
Directional Terms
Nearer the surface
The superficial brachial artery is an artery in the arm that is above
No combining form
Superior
Directional Terms
Above, in an upward direction, toward the head
The neck of the body is superior to the abdomen.
no combining form
Supine
Body Position Terminology
describes the body being positioned horizontally and face up, with the back oriented inferiorly.
Systems
What is a body system
The body is organized into systems that support the body as a whole. Systems are groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose. Figure 2.2 shows the organ systems and their functions.
The abdominal cavity contains
What two sections make up the abdominopelvic cavity?
the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.
The abdominopelvic cavity, What is the name of the covering for the cavity
The covering for this cavity is called the peritoneum
The pelvic cavity contains
What two sections make up the abdominopelvic cavity?
the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and the last section of the large intestine in both sexes. The pelvic cavity also contains the reproductive organs. In females, these are the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. In males, these are the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and the vas deferens
Thorac/o + -ic
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the chest/lungs
thoracic cavity
What is contained within. protected by? and seperated with
contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland. It is protected by the ribs and is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.
tissue
What is?
The human body is made up of four different tissue types. is a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function. The four tissues found in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
transverse or horizontal plane
body planes. how is it divided? direction
divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections.
Trunk
Body Surface Terms
The torso; Note: this does not include the arms or legs
Umbilical
Body Surface Terms
The region around the navel
Upper extremity
Body Surface Terms
The entire arm
Vertebr/o + -al
Body Surface Terms
Pertaining to the spine
What are the four regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant
What are the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac
What are the sections of the thoracic cavity?
The thoracic cavity can be divided into the mediastinum and two pleural cavities.
What are the three different types of muscle tissue? Where are they found? Are they voluntarily or involuntarily controlled?
Skeletal muscle: found throughout the body to help the body move, voluntary
Smooth muscle: found in organs, involuntary
Cardiac muscle: found only in the heart, involuntary
What is a cell?
The cell is the basic building block of the human body
What is an organ? Give three examples of an organ.
An organ is a structure in the body that performs a specific function. The skin, brain, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, small and large intestines, kidneys, and bladder are all examples of organs
What is the function of connective tissue?
Connective tissue forms the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints
What is the function of nervous tissue?
Nervous tissue functions to communicate throughout the body to control and coordinate the functions of the body
What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?
Connective tissue
What organs are found in the cranial cavity? What protects these cavities?
The cranial cavity contains the brain
the skull , protected by the meninges,
What organs are found in the spinal cavity? What protects these cavities?
the spinal cavity contains the spinal cord
the vertebrae , protected by the meninges,
What two sections make up the abdominopelvic cavity?
divided into the abdominal and pelvic sections.
Where can epithelial tissue be found, and what are the six functions of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue can be found on the outer surfaces of the body, and it lines body cavities. The functions are protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, and diffusion
