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Portage AP1 > MT module 2 > Flashcards

MT module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position describe

standard position. describe

A

the position in which the body is standing upright, head facing forward, and arms extended by the side of the body with the palms oriented to the front. Right and left are based on the subject’s point of view rather than from the point of view of the observer.

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2
Q

Abdomin/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

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3
Q

Umbilical

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

A

Middle area of the middle row containing the umbilicus.

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4
Q

Epigastric

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

(epi- = above; gastro/o = stomach; -ic = pertaining to

A

The middle area of the upper row that is above the stomach.

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5
Q

Left hypochondriac

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

A

The left lateral side of the upper row.

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6
Q

Right lumbar

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

Lumb/o = low back; -ar = pertaining to

A

Right lateral side of the middle row, near the waist.

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7
Q

Left lumbar:

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

A

Left lateral side of the middle row.

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8
Q

Right iliac

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

Ili/o = ilium; -ac = pertaining to

A

Right lateral side of the lower row near the groin

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9
Q

Hypogastric

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

Hypo- = below; gastr/o = stomach; -ic = pertaining to

A

Middle area of the lower row.

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10
Q

Left iliac:

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

A

Left lateral side of the lower row.

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11
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

Divides into two cavities. What are they

A

generally divided into the superior section of the **abdominal cavity **and the inferior section of the pelvic cavity. However, there is not a physical structure that divides the two.

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12
Q

abdominal cavity

From abdominopelvic cavity. What does it contain

A

contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.

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13
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

clinical divisions. How many divisions for typical ?

A

are used for descriptive and diagnostic purposes. There are four divisions

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14
Q

anatomy

What are the word parts. greek meaning

A

Ana = apart
tome = to cut
Literally means to cut up or to cut apart. Anatomy is the study of specific locations, positions, or directions of the human body

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15
Q

Ante- + cubit/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the front of the elbow

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16
Q

Anterior

Directional Terms

A

In front of, before, the front side of the body

The nose is located on the anterior side of the head.

Anter/o

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17
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. It contains three anatomically distinct divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.

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18
Q

Axillary

Body Surface Terms

A

Underarm area

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19
Q

Which body cavities are on the anterior side of the body?

A

Anterior side of the body has the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavities.

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20
Q

Which body cavities are on the posterior side?

A

Posterior side of the body has the cranial and spinal cavities

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21
Q

How many body planes are there?

A

There are four body planes that are used in the study of the human body.

sagittal ,midsagittal , transverse or horizontal plane , coronal or fro

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22
Q

Brachi/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the arm

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23
Q

Caudal

Directional Terms

A

AKA inferior in position. towards the tail away from the head

The cauda equina is a specific part of the spinal cord that is located a

Caud/o

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24
Q

What are Cavities

A

are hollow spaces that contain organs. They are enclosed with membranes that are specific to the cavities that they cover.

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25
Q

Cephalic

Directional Terms

A

Pertaining to the head, superior in position

When a fetus has a cephalic presentation at birth, it means that any par

Cephal/o

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26
Q

Cervic/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the neck

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27
Q

Connective tissue

A

builds the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. It is the most abundant tissue in the body.

The most abundant tissue in the body

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28
Q

coronal or frontal plane

Which direction of body plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. It is at a right angle to the midsagittal plane.

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29
Q

Crani/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the skull

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30
Q

cranial cavity

What is and what contains

A

contains the brain. The brain is protected by a membrane sac called the meninges. Additionally, it is protected by the skull.

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31
Q

Deep

Directional Terms

A

Further below the surface

The deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that covers the muscles, nerves, a

No combining form

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32
Q

Define anatomical position

A

Anatomical position refers to the position in which the body is standing upright, head facing forward, and arms extended by the side of the body with the palms oriented to the front

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33
Q

Define body cavity

A

Cavities are hollow spaces that contain organs

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34
Q

Define the four body positions described in the module.

Not body planes

A

Prone describes the body positioned horizontally, face down, with the back oriented superiorly.

Supine describes the body positioned horizontally, face up, with the back oriented inferiorly.

Lithotomy position is a supine position with the buttocks at the end of the examination table, the hips and knees are flexed, and the feet are supported by stirrups. This is frequently used in gynecological examinations and surgeries.

The Fowler position is also known as the semi recumbent position. This is a supine position

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35
Q

Define tissue

A

A tissue is a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function

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36
Q

Describe the four body planes.

Name and describe.

A

**Sagittal **plane- divides the body or structure vertically into right and left sections.
Midsagittal plane- divides the body or structure into equal right and left halves at the midline.
Transverse or horizontal plane divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections.
Coronal or **frontal plane **divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. It is at a right angle to the midsagittal plane.

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37
Q

What is Directional terms

A

describe the location of a body part in relation to another body part

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38
Q

Distal

Directional Terms

A

Away from the point of attachment, far from the point of origin

The hand is distal to the elbow.

Dist/o

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39
Q

Epithelial tissue

One of the four tissues

A

forms the outer surfaces of the body and lines body cavities, as well as the tubes that lead to the exterior of the body. It has several different functions including protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, and diffusion. Epithelial tissue protects via the skin by forming a physical barrier over underlying tissue. This type of tissue forms specialized cells in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue to help the body interpret sensory stimuli. Epithelial tissue secretes substances such as hormones, enzymes, and lubricating fluids from various glands. Furthermore, epithelial tissue lines the small intestine and aids the body in absorbing nutrients from food. It also excretes waste products in the kidneys and sweat from the skin. Finally, epithelial tissue is found in the lungs and capillaries where the diffusion of gases, liquids, and nutrients occurs.

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40
Q

Femor/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the femur/thigh

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41
Q

Genit/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the genitals

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42
Q

Glute/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the buttocks

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43
Q

Homeostasis

A

Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium that supports and sustains life and is maintained in the body’s internal environment

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

a state of equilibrium that is maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life. All of the individual parts contribute to maintaining homeostasis.

45
Q

Inferior

Directional Terms

A

Below, in a downward direction; more toward the feet

The feet are inferior to the abdomen.

Infer/o

46
Q

Inguin/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the groin

47
Q

Lateral

Directional Terms

A

To the side, away from the middle

The arms are lateral to the abdomen.

Later/o

48
Q

List the body systems.

systems…..

A

Integumentary, - skin
skeletal,
muscular,
nervous,
endocrine, - made up of glands that make hormones.
cardiovascular,
blood and lymphatic- part of your immune system,
respiratory,
digestive,
urinary,
reproductive

49
Q

List the four different tissue types found in the human body.

A
  1. Connective tissue
  2. Nervous tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Epithelial tissue
50
Q

List the levels of organization of the body

organization

A

atom, molecules, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

51
Q

Lithotomy position

Body Position Terminology

A

is a supine position in which the buttocks are at the end of the examination table, the hips and knees are flexed, and the feet are supported by stirrups. This is frequently used in gynecological examinations and surgeries.

is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certai

52
Q

Lower extremity

Body Surface Terms

A

The entire leg

53
Q

Medial

Directional Terms

A

Nearest to the midline or middle

The umbilicus is in the medial area of the abdomen.

Medi/o

54
Q

mediastinum

The thoracic cavity can be further divided into. What organs are in this

A

is the central region of the thoracic cavity, and it contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, and thymus gland

55
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides the body or structure into equal right and left halves at the midline

56
Q

Nas/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the nose

57
Q

Nervous tissue

Tissue. What does it do

A

functions to communicate throughout the body. Nerve cells are excitable and can conduct electricity. Nervous tissue coordinates and controls the functions of the body.

58
Q

Or/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the mouth

59
Q

Orbit/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the eye socket

60
Q

Organs

organization. give examples of

A

are structures in the body that perform specific purposes. Examples of organs include the heart, liver, kidneys, brain, and skin.

61
Q

Ot/o + -ic

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the ear

62
Q

Palmar

Body Surface Terms

A

The palm of the hand

63
Q

Patell/o + -ar

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the kneecap

64
Q

Pelv/o + -ic

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the pelvis

65
Q

pelvic cavity

From abdominopelvic cavity. What does it contain

A

contains the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and the last section of the large intestine in both sexes. The pelvic cavity also contains the reproductive organs. In females, these are the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. In males, these are the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and the vas deferens.

66
Q

peritoneum

what is it?

A

The abdominopelvic cavity is covered by a membrane called

67
Q

Plantar

Body Surface Terms

A

The sole of the foot

68
Q

pleural cavities

The thoracic cavity can be further divided into

A

are two pleural cavities, and they are located lateral to the mediastinum on either side. Each pleural cavity contains a lung and is covered by a membrane called the pleura.

69
Q

Popliteal

Body Surface Terms

A

The area behind the knee

70
Q

Posterior

Directional Terms

A

Toward the back, the backside of the body

The buttocks are located on the posterior side of the body.

Poster/o

71
Q

Prone

Body Position Terminology

A

describes the body being positioned horizontally and face down, with the back oriented superiorly.

72
Q

Proximal

Directional Terms

A

Nearest to the point of attachment, near the point of origin

The elbow is proximal to the hand.

Proxim/o

73
Q

Right hypochondriac

abdominal cavity with nine different sections

Hypo- = below; chondr/o = cartilage; -iac = pertaining to

A

The right lateral side of the upper row under the ribs that connect to the sternum via cartilage.

74
Q

sagittal plane

body planes. how does it divide

A

divides the body or structure vertically into right and left sections.

75
Q

Scapula/o + -ar

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the shoulder blade

76
Q

What organs are in Mediastinum

sections of the thoracic cavity

A

contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland.

77
Q

What organs are in Pleural

sections of the thoracic cavity

A

Each pleural cavity contains one lung

78
Q

spinal cavity

What does it contain and what protected by

A

contains the spinal cord. It is protected by the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and is also covered by the meninges.

79
Q

Stern/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the sternum

80
Q

Superficial

Directional Terms

A

Nearer the surface

The superficial brachial artery is an artery in the arm that is above

No combining form

81
Q

Superior

Directional Terms

A

Above, in an upward direction, toward the head

The neck of the body is superior to the abdomen.

no combining form

82
Q

Supine

Body Position Terminology

A

describes the body being positioned horizontally and face up, with the back oriented inferiorly.

83
Q

Systems

What is a body system

A

The body is organized into systems that support the body as a whole. Systems are groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose. Figure 2.2 shows the organ systems and their functions.

84
Q

The abdominal cavity contains

What two sections make up the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.

85
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity, What is the name of the covering for the cavity

A

The covering for this cavity is called the peritoneum

86
Q

The pelvic cavity contains

What two sections make up the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and the last section of the large intestine in both sexes. The pelvic cavity also contains the reproductive organs. In females, these are the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. In males, these are the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and the vas deferens

87
Q

Thorac/o + -ic

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the chest/lungs

88
Q

thoracic cavity

What is contained within. protected by? and seperated with

A

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland. It is protected by the ribs and is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

89
Q

tissue

What is?

A

The human body is made up of four different tissue types. is a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function. The four tissues found in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

90
Q

transverse or horizontal plane

body planes. how is it divided? direction

A

divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections.

91
Q

Trunk

Body Surface Terms

A

The torso; Note: this does not include the arms or legs

92
Q

Umbilical

Body Surface Terms

A

The region around the navel

93
Q

Upper extremity

Body Surface Terms

A

The entire arm

94
Q

Vertebr/o + -al

Body Surface Terms

A

Pertaining to the spine

95
Q

What are the four regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

96
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac

97
Q

What are the sections of the thoracic cavity?

A

The thoracic cavity can be divided into the mediastinum and two pleural cavities.

98
Q

What are the three different types of muscle tissue? Where are they found? Are they voluntarily or involuntarily controlled?

A

Skeletal muscle: found throughout the body to help the body move, voluntary

Smooth muscle: found in organs, involuntary

Cardiac muscle: found only in the heart, involuntary

99
Q

What is a cell?

A

The cell is the basic building block of the human body

100
Q

What is an organ? Give three examples of an organ.

A

An organ is a structure in the body that performs a specific function. The skin, brain, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, small and large intestines, kidneys, and bladder are all examples of organs

101
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue forms the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints

102
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Nervous tissue functions to communicate throughout the body to control and coordinate the functions of the body

103
Q

What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?

A

Connective tissue

104
Q

What organs are found in the cranial cavity? What protects these cavities?

A

The cranial cavity contains the brain

the skull , protected by the meninges,

105
Q

What organs are found in the spinal cavity? What protects these cavities?

A

the spinal cavity contains the spinal cord

the vertebrae , protected by the meninges,

106
Q

What two sections make up the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

divided into the abdominal and pelvic sections.

107
Q

Where can epithelial tissue be found, and what are the six functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue can be found on the outer surfaces of the body, and it lines body cavities. The functions are protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, and diffusion

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