MT M3 3.3 Comm Med Conditions if the integum Flashcards
Acne
Acne is common in teenagers. It is an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that results in pustules and papules.
Acne rosacea
Acne rosacea is chronic acne in adults. A red rash, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels develop, typically on the cheeks and nose.
Alopecia
Alopecia is the loss of hair. The hair loss typically occurs on the head.
Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata is hair loss in defined patches.
Androgenetic alopecia
Androgenetic alopecia is hair loss that results from aging. It typically begins in the frontal area of the scalp and proceeds towards the back until a horseshoe area of hair remains in the back of the scalp and the temples.
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma is skin cancer found in the epidermis. It is very common and largely the result of sun exposure. Typically, basal cell carcinoma does not metastasize to deeper tissues.
Burns
Burns are tissue injuries that result from heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation being applied to the skin. There are three degrees of burns: first-, second- and third-degree burns.
first-degree burn
A first-degree burn only affects the epidermis and results in erythema without blisters.
second-degree burn
A second-degree burn extends through the epidermis and into the dermis. This causes blisters to form and is also called a partial thickness burn.
third-degree burn
A third-degree burn is a full thickness burn and extends through the epidermis, dermis and the underlying tissues. Patients with third-degree burns are at high risk for infection and fluid loss. Typically, these burns are not painful because the nerve endings have been destroyed, while first-degree and second -degree burns can be very painful. Full thickness burns will require intensive treatment and possible skin grafts.
Decubitus ulcers
Decubitus ulcers can form on any part of the body that bears weight. These ulcers form because of pressure that obstructs blood flow for an extended period of time and also can be called pressure sores. Patients who are non-ambulatory and bedridden are at high risk for forming these ulcers. They can form on the heels, back of the legs, and buttocks.
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is an acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It can be caused by a bacterial infection from a variety of bacteria that can gain access to the skin through openings in the skin. The area appears red and is painful and swollen.
Ecchymosis
Ecchymosis is another term for bruising. Ecchymosis is typically caused by trauma and creates a black and blue appearance of the skin from blood collecting under the skin.
Eczema
Eczema is an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition where the skin becomes red and itchy. Vesicles, papules, pustules, scales, and crusting can occur. It is also called atopic dermatitis. It is more common in children but can flare at any age.
Gangrene
Gangrene is tissue necrosis that is caused by a lack of blood supply. It is difficult to treat and requires wound debridement and intravenous antibiotics. Gangrene can lead to amputations of limbs if the skin is unable to heal.
Herpes simplex
Herpes simplex is a viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 1, and it causes blisters around the lips and the nose that are painful.
Herpes zoster
Herpes zoster is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It occurs along a nerve root. This causes very painful blisters to form along the nerve on the skin. This is also referred to as shingles. It is a reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox) and can be prevented with a vaccine administered to adults.
Impetigo
Impetigo is an inflammatory skin disease that presents with pustules and vesicles that rupture and become crusted. This can result from a streptococcus or staphylococcus infection.
Malignant melanoma
Malignant melanoma is a skin cancer that is aggressive and can metastasize to other areas of the body. It originates in a melanocyte.
Pediculosis
Pediculosis is an infection caused by lice. The eggs from the lice are called nits and can be found at the base of the hair shaft. The saliva from the lice causes a rash, which is irritating and pruritic.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on the skin. The patches have circular borders.
Scabies
Scabies is an infection from a mite that burrows into the dermis of the skin and deposits eggs. Nymphs hatch within 2 weeks, mature, and go to the surface of the skin to mate and then reinvade the skin. As the mite burrows, it causes inflammation, vesicles, and intense itching. It is treated with a topical scabicide.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is a skin cancer that starts in the epidermis. It can grow into deeper tissue and cause ulcers but rarely metastasizes to other areas.
Tinea Corporis
Tinea Corporis, also known as ringworm, is a contagious fungal infection (dermatomycosis) of the skin that results in scaling, discolored, and well-defined skin lesions that are itchy and appear as patches. There are many fungi that can cause tinea, and they belong to the family of dermatophytes. Tinea pedis is the specific term for a fungal infection of the feet. This is also known as athletes’ foot. Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp.
Varicella
Varicella is a viral infection of herpes zoster causing fever and headache and is associated with a skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts. The common name for varicella is chickenpox, and it is prevented with a childhood vaccine.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a skin condition where the pigment of the skin disappears, and the area appears white.
