MT M 4.4 A&P of the Nervous system

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

The nervous system is responsible for coordinating all of the activities of the body. It receives information from sensory receptors located throughout the body and then uses that information to coordinate the activities of the muscles, organs, and glands to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

neurology

Answer 2

The study of the nervous system is called neurology

Question 3

neurologist

Answer 3

A neurologist is a physician that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the medical conditions of the nervous system

Question 4

neurosurgeon

Answer 4

A neurosurgeon is a physician that can operate on the organs of the nervous system.

Question 5

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 5

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which contains the spinal cord and the brain,

Question 6

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 6

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which contains the spinal cord and the brain, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Question 7

brain

Central Nervous System

Answer 7

The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord

Question 8

spinal cord

Central Nervous System

Answer 8

The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord

Question 9

meninges

Central Nervous System

Answer 9

They are protected by the skull and vertebrae of the skeletal system and by three tissue membranes called the meninges.

Question 9

arachnoid mater

meninges

Answer 9

The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord. They are protected by the skull and vertebrae of the skeletal system and by three tissue membranes called the meninges. The three meninges are called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 10

dura mater

meninges

Answer 10

The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord. They are protected by the skull and vertebrae of the skeletal system and by three tissue membranes called the meninges. The three meninges are called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 11

pia mater

meninges

Answer 11

The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord. They are protected by the skull and vertebrae of the skeletal system and by three tissue membranes called the meninges. The three meninges are called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 12

cerebrum

Answer 12

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, and it contains the nerve centers that control all sensory and motor activity, memories, consciousness, emotions, and voluntary movements.

Question 12

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 12

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, which is produced by the ventricles in the brain. This fluid cushions the brain and spinal cord and helps to protect these structures from shock.

Question 13

nerve cells

Answer 13

The brain is made up of millions of nerve cells and is the largest collection of nervous tissue in the body. Figure 4.7 shows the main parts of the brain: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brain stem.

Question 14

cerebellum

Answer 14

The cerebellum helps to coordinate sensory perception and motor output.

Question 15

diencephalon

Answer 15

The diencephalon consists of the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The thalamus is the relay center for incoming sensory and motor impulses. It sends these messages onto the cerebrum. The hypothalamus regulates the autonomic nervous system, which is the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions and serves as the connection between the endocrine system and the nervous system.

Question 16

brain stem

Answer 16

The brain stem is the lower part of the brain that connects the spinal cord with the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It has three parts: the pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata.
The cranial nerves originate in the brain stem and innervate the face and the neck. The brain stem also controls breathing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

Question 17

spinal cord

Answer 17

The spinal cord is also part of the central nervous system, and it is protected by the vertebrae of the spine. The spinal cord extends from the brain stem down to the lumbar vertebrae. It conducts sensory impulses from the peripheral nervous system to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the spinal nerves. The spinal cord also processes the body’s reflexes. Figure 4.8 shows the spinal cord connecting the brain to the spinal nerves.

Question 18

peripheral nervous system

Answer 18

The peripheral nervous system contains the nerves that come from the brain and the spinal cord that innervate the rest of the body.

Question 19

Cranial nerves

Answer 19

Cranial nerves are nerves that originate in the brain. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves attached to the brain, and they innervate the senses, the motor movements of the head and shoulders, swallowing, breathing, speech, and the muscles of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Question 20

spinal nerves

Answer 20

The spinal nerves are the nerves that originate in the spinal cord. These nerves have a sensory and motor component and branch out into smaller and smaller nerves that innervate the entire body. Figure 4.8 shows a detailed view of the spinal nerves as they leave the spinal cord.

Question 21

dorsal root

spinal nerves

Answer 21

Each nerve has a dorsal root and a ventral root. The dorsal root carries the sensory input to the spinal cord to be sent to the brain.

Question 22

ventral root

spinal nerves

Answer 22

Each nerve has a dorsal root and a ventral root. The ventral root carries the motor output to the muscles and the organs.

Question 23

autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

The autonomic nervous system is the section of the peripheral nervous system that controls the involuntary functions of the body such as sweating, gland secretion, blood pressure, the smooth muscles of the organs, and the heart. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division.

Question 24

parasympathetic branch

autonomic nervous system

Answer 24

The parasympathetic branch regulates the daily functioning of the body and maintains homeostasis.

Question 25

sympathetic branch

autonomic nervous system

Answer 25

The sympathetic branch is activated in emergency situations and creates the “fight-or-flight” response to stress.