MT M 7 7.4 Obstetrics and Gynecology Flashcards
female reproductive system
The female reproductive system functions to continue the human species through sexual reproduction.
Gynecology
Gynecology is the medical specialty associated with the female reproductive system and the conditions associated with it.
The combining form gynec/o means female
Obstetrics
Obstetrics is the medical specialty associated with pregnancy and childbirth
Gynecologists and obstetricians
Gynecologists and obstetricians are the physicians that have specialized in these fields, and they can be called Ob-Gyns. These physicians are also able to operate on the female reproductive system.
key organs of the female reproductive system
The key organs of the female reproductive system are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts.
ovaries
The primary female sex organs are the ovaries. Each female has two ovaries that are located on either side of the uterus. They are almond-shaped organs that are responsible for producing the ova, the female reproductive cells.
ova
Each female has two ovaries that are located on either side of the uterus. They are almond-shaped organs that are responsible for producing the ova, the female reproductive cells.
ovaries also function
The ovaries also function to produce the female sex hormones: estrogen and progesterone.
uterus
It is a pear-shaped organ that is muscular and hollow. The uterus is in the pelvic cavity; it is above the bladder and the rectum is posterior to the uterus. It is suspended in the pelvic cavity through several ligaments that attach the uterus to the pelvic walls and the bladder.
anteflexion
The normal positioning of the uterus is called anteflexion.
body
The larger upper portion of the uterus is called the body and the top of the body is called the fundus
uterus fundus
The larger upper portion of the uterus is called the body and the top of the body is called the fundus
cervix
The cervix is the inferior portion of the uterus that connects with the vagina. The walls of the uterus have three layers.
endometrium
uterus have three layers
The endometrium is the innermost layer that goes through many changes throughout the menstrual cycle, including shedding during menstruation.
myometrium
uterus have three layers
The myometrium is the muscular middle layer that contracts during childbirth.
perimetrium
uterus have three layers
The perimetrium is the outer layer.
fallopian tubes
The fallopian tubes are also called the uterine tubes or oviducts. They are located on either side of the uterus, extend out of the uterus, and end at the ovary.
infundibulum
The ovarian end of the tube is called the infundibulum and the opening is called the ostium
ostium
The ovarian end of the tube is called the infundibulum and the opening is called the ostium. The ostium is surrounded by tiny finger-like structures called fimbriae.
fimbriae
The ostium is surrounded by tiny finger-like structures called fimbriae.
ampulla
Moving towards the uterus, the middle section of the tube is called the ampulla and the section that attaches to the uterus is called the isthmus.
isthmus
Moving towards the uterus, the middle section of the tube is called the ampulla and the section that attaches to the uterus is called the isthmus.
purpose of the fallopian tube
The purpose of the fallopian tube is to collect an ovum or egg after it has been discharged from the ovary and to propel it through the tube toward the uterus.