MT M3 3.4 Intro to the musculoskeletal sys

Question 1

Orthopedics

Answer 1

Orthopedics is the medical specialty that focuses on the musculoskeletal system.

Question 2

muscular system

Answer 2

The muscular system is comprised of the muscles in the body and enables the body to move.

Question 3

skeletal system

Answer 3

The skeletal system is comprised of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage that form the skeleton of the body.

Question 4

bones

Answer 4

The skeleton is made up of bones, the primary organs of the skeletal system. They are made up of 25% water and 75% hard matter, largely calcium phosphate.

Question 5

bones

Answer 5

Bones form the framework of the body and serve in structure and movement, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphate, and as the site of blood cell formation.

Question 6

skeleton can be divided

Answer 6

The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Question 7

axial skeleton

Answer 7

The axial skeleton consists of the bones at the core of the body: the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

Question 8

appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the appendages of body, the shoulder girdle, arms, and hands, the pelvic girdle, legs, and feet.

Question 9

Long bones

Answer 9

Long bones are located in the arms and legs, and an example would be the femur.

Question 10

Flat bones

Answer 10

Flat bones are located in the shoulder, skull, ribs, and parts of the pelvis. Examples of these bones would include the sternum or the bones of the skull.

Question 11

Short bones

Answer 11

Short bones are located in the fingers and toes. The carpal bones of the wrist serve as an example.

Question 12

Irregular bones

Answer 12

Irregular bones are located in the spine and ear. The vertebrae are irregular bones.

Question 13

Sesamoid bones

Answer 13

Sesamoid bones are shaped like a sesame seed. The patella or kneecaps are sesamoid bones.

Question 14

accessory structures of the skeletal system

Answer 14

The accessory structures of the skeletal system are the cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Question 15

Cartilage

Answer 15

Cartilage is fibrous connective tissue that is found at the ends of bones, in the joints, and the tube structures of the body, such as the larynx, air passages, and ears. At birth, most of the skeleton is made up of cartilage that is replaced with bone as the child grows.

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

Tendons are fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones.

Question 17

Ligaments

Answer 17

Ligaments are fibrous tissues in bands or sheets that connect two or more bones, cartilages, and other structures. They also help to support the fascia and muscles.

Question 18

muscles

Answer 18

Muscles enable the body to move from one place to another, produce heat, and maintain stability and posture. There are three types of muscles: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac.

Question 19

smooth muscle

Answer 19

These were described in Module 2. The majority of the internal organs, such as the digestive organs, lungs, urinary tract, and blood vessels are made up of smooth muscle.

controlled involuntarily by the nervous system.

Question 20

cardiac muscle

Answer 20

The heart is made of cardiac muscle.

controlled involuntarily by the nervous system.

Question 21

Skeletal muscles

Answer 21

Skeletal muscles produce movement

Skeletal muscle is controlled voluntarily

Question 22

Joints

Answer 22

Joints are where two or more bones connect. Skeletal muscles attach to bones around the joints and contract to produce movement. A skeletal muscle has three parts: the body, an origin, and an insertion.

Question 23

origin

Joints and muscle

Answer 23

The origin is where the muscle starts, and it is attached to a fixed bone.

Question 24

insertion

Joints and muscle

Answer 24

The insertion is where the muscle attaches to the bone that it moves.

Question 25

body

Joints and muscle

Answer 25

The body of the muscle is between these two points and is where the contraction occurs. A muscle contraction occurs when the muscle cells shorten and thicken. This pulls the bone where the muscle has inserted, generating movement at the joint.

Question 26

fibrous joints

Answer 26

Some joints do not provide any movement; these are called fibrous joints. This type of joint is found between the bones of the skull.

Question 27

cartilaginous joint

Answer 27

A cartilaginous joint provides slight movement. These joints are found between the vertebrae of the spine.

Question 28

synovial joint

Answer 28

A synovial joint allows free movement in a variety of directions due to synovial fluid found in the joint, which provides lubrication. Examples of these joints are found in the hips, knees, shoulders, elbows, wrists, and ankles.

Question 29

Flexion

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 29

Bending a limb

Elbow and knee

Question 30

Extension

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 30

Straightening a flexed limb

Elbow and knee

Question 31

Circumduction

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 31

Moving a body part in a circular motion

Shoulder and hip

Question 32

Abduction

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 32

Moving a body part away from the middle

Shoulder and hip

Question 33

Adduction

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 33

Moving a body part toward the middle

Shoulder and hip

Tip: To help remember the difference between abduction and adduction, remember that ADDuction “adds” to the body by bringing that body part closer to the midline.

Question 34

Protraction

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 34

Moving a body part forward

Jaw

Question 35

Retraction

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 35

Moving a body part backward

Jaw

Question 36

Rotation

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 36

Moving a body part around a central axis

C1 Vertebrae

Question 37

Dorsiflexion

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 37

Bending a body part backward

Wrist and ankle

Question 38

Pronation

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 38

Turning the palm downward

Wrist

Question 39

Supination

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 39

Turning the palm upward

Wrist

Question 40

Eversion

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 40

Turning the sole outward

Ankle

Question 41

Inversion

Terms for the movements that can occur at synovial joints

Answer 41

Turning the sole inward

Ankle