AP1 M4 description of bone landmarks

Question 1

bone landmarks

Answer 1

Each bone has distinct markings, ridges, grooves, or holes called bone landmarks. Bone landmarks serve several functions. Some bone landmarks allow for tendons to attach. Other markings indicate where nerves and blood vessels run alongside the bone or penetrate the bone to provide blood and nervous supply.

Question 2

Foramen, canal, fissure

Answer 2

Foramen, canal, fissure - openings in bone to allow for nerves, blood supply, or a passageway

Question 3

Sinus

Answer 3

Sinus - hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air

Question 4

Process, ramus

Answer 4

Process, ramus - elevations in bone
A process is a bulging bony outgrowth of a larger bone. An example is the mastoid process, which is easily palpable from behind the ear, and to which many head muscles are attached.

Question 5

Trochanter, tuberosity, tubercle, crest, line, spine

Answer 5

Trochanter, tuberosity, tubercle, crest, line, spine - processes or projections for tendon or ligament attachment

Crest - A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone. Crests are often the sites where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone. The iliac crest is found on the ilium

Tubercle - A small, rounded prominence where connective tissues attach. Examples include the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus.

**Tuberosity **- A moderate prominence where muscles and connective tissues attach. Its function is similar to that of a trochanter. Examples include the tibial tuberosity, deltoid tuberosity, and ischial tuberosity.

Trochanter - A large prominence on the side of the bone. Some of the largest muscle groups and most dense connective tissues attach to the trochanter. The most notable examples are the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur.

linea (line) refers to a subtle, long, and narrow impression which distinguishes itself in elevation, color or texture from surrounding tissues. The linea aspera of femur is one example. Found on the posterior surface, it consists of medial and lateral lips diverging at its superior and inferior ends.

**spine **(or spinous process) is a sharp, slender projection of the bone which is useful for attachment of muscles or ligaments. Example: spine of sphenoid bone.

Question 6

Head, neck, condyle, trochlea, facet -

Answer 6

Head, neck, condyle, trochlea, facet - processes designed for articulation with adjacent bones

Question 7

Fossa, sulcus

Answer 7

Fossa, sulcus - depressions in bone. (aka can be shallow Concave)