MT M 5.4 Respiratory System introduction

Question 1

respiratory system

Answer 1

The respiratory system is responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 2

respiration

Answer 2

The respiratory system is responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body. This process is called respiration.

The combining form respirat/o means breathing.

Question 3

respiratory system main organs

Answer 3

The main organs of the respiratory system are the pharynx, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Question 4

pulmonology

Answer 4

The study of the respiratory system is called pulmonology

Question 5

pulmonologist

Answer 5

A pulmonologist is a physician that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disorders.

Question 6

nose

Answer 6

The nose is the entry point for air to enter the respiratory system. The nose serves as an air passageway and warms and moistens the air.

Question 7

conchae

nose

Answer 7

Inside the nose, there are two cavities divided by a central septum. These cavities have three conchae, which are shell-like passageways that are covered with a membrane called the mucous membrane. This membrane produces mucus, which traps bacteria, dust, pollen, and other foreign bodies to prevent them from entering the body. The nasal mucosa also contains nerve receptors for smell.

Question 8

pharynx

Answer 8

The pharynx is a tube that starts at the posterior section of the nose and extends to the esophagus. It has three parts, the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx.

Question 9

nasopharynx

pharynx

Answer 9

The nasopharynx is behind the nose

Question 10

oropharynx

pharynx

Answer 10

the oropharynx is behind the mouth,

Question 11

laryngopharynx

pharynx

Answer 11

the laryngopharynx is behind the larynx.

Question 12

tonsils

pharynx are several accessory organs

Answer 12

Within the pharynx are several accessory organs of the lymphatic system called tonsils.
The tonsils are responsible for filtering out bacteria and other substances from the lymph fluid located in the head and the neck.

Question 13

adenoids

pharynx are several accessory organs

Answer 13

The adenoids are in the nasopharynx;

Question 13

palatine and lingual

pharynx are several accessory organs

Answer 13

the palatine and lingual tonsils are in the oropharynx

Question 14

larynx

Answer 14

The larynx is inferior to the pharynx. It contains the entrances to the trachea and the esophagus.

Question 15

vocal folds or cords

Answer 15

The larynx is also called the voice box because it contains the vocal folds or cords. The vocal cords are folds of tissue located at the top of the trachea. As the air passes through the vocal cords, they vibrate and produce speech.

Question 16

epiglottis

Answer 16

The epiglottis is in the larynx, and this is a piece of tissue called cartilage. It folds back to cover the entrance to the trachea so that food does not enter the lungs when an individual is swallowing.

Question 17

trachea

Answer 17

The trachea is also called the windpipe, and it functions to carry the air to and from the lungs. The trachea starts in the larynx and extends to the bronchi. It is partially made of cartilage so that it is always held open for breathing. The mucous membranes that cover the surface of the trachea contain cilia, which is specialized tissue that can sweep foreign substances up and out of the trachea.

Question 18

bronchi

trachea divides into

Answer 18

The trachea divides into the right and left bronchi. (Note the singular form of this term is bronchus.) These provide passage for the air to the right and left lungs. Each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller branches: the bronchioles and then the alveolar ducts.

Question 19

bronchi end at

Answer 19

The bronchi end at the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs that are surrounded by capillaries. This is the site of gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 20

lungs

Answer 20

The body contains two lungs within the thoracic cavity. The lungs are the organs of respiration.
The tissue of the lungs is filled with blood vessels that carry blood and the bronchial trees that carry the air.

Question 21

pleura

lungs

Answer 21

They are covered by the pleura, a membrane with several layers that function to decrease friction around the lungs.

Question 22

lobes

lungs

Answer 22

The lungs are divided into lobes. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

Question 23

apex

Lungs

Answer 23

The superior portion of the lungs is called the apex,

Question 24

base

Lungs

Answer 24

The inferior part of the lungs is called the base.

Question 25

Respiration

Lungs

Answer 25

Respiration, or the act of breathing, is controlled by nerve impulses from the medulla oblongata and the pons in the brainstem.

Question 26

diaphragm

Respiration

Answer 26

The diaphragm is a muscle at the base of the lungs that helps draw the air into the lungs and pushes the air out of the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts and flattens, air is pulled into the lungs.

Question 27

inspiration

Respiration

Answer 27

When the diaphragm contracts and flattens, air is pulled into the lungs. This is inspiration.

Question 28

expiration

Respiration

Answer 28

When the diaphragm relaxes, it rises, and air is pushed out of the lungs. This is expiration

Question 29

respiratory rate

Respiration

Answer 29

The respiratory rate is the number of breaths an individual takes every minute. The normal range for a person’s respiratory rate varies by age. Comparing a patient’s respiratory rate to the normal range is helpful in the assessment of a patient, and a deviation from the normal rate may indicate an illness.
1. Newborn 30-60 Breaths per minute
2. 1-3 years old 20-40 Breaths per minute
3. 3-6 years old 22-34 Breaths per minute
4. 6-12 years old 18-30 Breaths per minute
5. 13-18 years old 12-16 Breaths per minute
6. Adult 16-20 Breaths per minute