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Portage AP1 > MT M3 problem set > Flashcards

MT M3 problem set Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary organ of the integumentary system?

A

The skin is the primary organ of the integumentary system

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2
Q

Name the four functions of the skin.

A

The four functions of the skin are
protection
sensation
secretion
temperature regulation

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3
Q

What are the two layers of the skin?

A

the epidermis and the dermis

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4
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

The layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial are
stratum germinativum,
stratum spinosum,
stratum granulosum,
stratum lucidum,
stratum corneum

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5
Q

What is the protein that makes up the majority of hair and nails?

A

Keratin

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6
Q

What gives the skin its pigment?

A

Melanin

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7
Q

What are Langerhans cells, and what is their function?

A

Langerhans cells are cells of the immune system that are found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. Their function is to protect the body from invading microorganisms

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8
Q

What accessory structures of the integumentary system are found in the dermis?

A

Hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

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9
Q

What are the parts of the hair? Where can hair be found? What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?

A

The hair is made up of the root growing out of the hair follicle and the shaft which is the visible portion of the hair.
Hair can be found all over the body except for the lips, palms and soles, and the penis.
The function of the arrector pili muscle is to contract in reaction to cold or an emotion to form goosebumps

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10
Q

Where are nails found? What are they made of? What is the function of the nail? What are the sections of the nail? What is the eponychium? What is the lunula?

A

Nails are found on the ends of the fingers and toes. They are made of keratin. The function of the nail is for protection for the tips of the fingers and toes. The sections of the nail are the root and the nail bed. The eponychium is a fold of epithelial tissue over the base of the nail body. The lunula is the crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail body that is lighter than the rest of the nail

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11
Q

What are sebaceous glands? What is their function?

A

Sebaceous glands are oil-secreting glands in the skin. Their function is to secrete sebum to lubricate the hair and the nails

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12
Q

What is the function of sweat glands? What are the two types of sweat glands found in the body? What are the main differences between these two glands?

A

Sweat functions to cool the body through evaporation of moisture. The two types of sweat glands found in the body are the merocrine and apocrine sweat glands. Merocrine sweat glands are located throughout the body and release sweat directly to the skin’s surface. They are most prevalent on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. Apocrine sweat glands are located in the axillae, around the nipples, and in the groin. They begin to secrete sweat during puberty and they secrete sweat into the hair follicles located in those areas

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12
Q

Use the combining form aden/o, meaning gland, and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Surgical removal of a gland
b. Inflammation of a gland
c. Tumor in a gland
d. Disease of a gland
e. Enlarged gland

A

A) adenectomy
B) adenitis
C) adenoma
D) adenopathy
E) adenomegaly

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13
Q

Use the suffix -derma, meaning a skin condition, and the combining forms in Table 3.1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Hard skin condition
b. Yellow skin condition
c. Dry skin condition
d. Thick skin condition
e. Red skin condition
f. White skin condition

A

A) scleroderma
B) xanthoderma
C) xeroderma
D) pachyderma
E) erythroderma
F) leukoderma

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14
Q

Use the combining form dermat/o, meaning skin, and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following: (Note that additional combining forms from Table 3.2 may be needed.)
a. Skin inflammation
b. Study of the skin
c. One who studies the skin
d. Surgical repair of the skin
e. Abnormal skin fungus condition
f. Hardened skin condition

A

A) Dermatitis
B) Dermatology
C) Dermatologist
D) Dermatoplasty
E) Dermatomycosis
F) Dermatosclerosis

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15
Q

Use the combining form hidr/o, meaning sweat, and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following: (Note that additional combining forms from table 3.2 may be needed.)
a. Abnormal sweating condition
b. Abnormal condition with a lack of sweating
c. Sweat gland inflammation
d. Abnormal condition of excessive sweating

A

A) Hidrosis
B) Anhidrosis
C) Hidradenosis
D) Hyperhidrosis

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16
Q

Use the combining form lip/o, meaning fat, and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Surgical removal of fat
b. Fat tumor
c. Fat cell

A

A) Lipectomy
B) Lipoma
C) Lipocyte

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17
Q

Use the combining form onch/o, meaning nail, the suffixes found in Table 1.7, and the prefixes found in Table 1.8 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Surgical removal of a nail
b. Abnormal softening of a nail
c. Abnormal nail fungus condition
d. Nail eating or biting
e. Excessive nail growth condition

A

A) Onchectomy
B) Onchomalacia
C) Onchomycosis
D) Onchophagia
E) Hyperonchyia

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18
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer? Which types are more likely to metastasize? Where do they originate?

A

The three types of skin cancer are melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma start in the epidermis. Melanoma starts in a melanocyte. Melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are more likely to develop metastatic disease

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19
Q

What are skin conditions that arise from infections from microorganisms? What are the microorganisms and are they viral, fungal, or bacteria? Can these infections be prevented with a vaccine? What are the skin manifestations of the infection?

A

Have to look at quiz

20
Q

What are the different types of burns? What layers of the skin do they involve?

A

A first-degree burn only affects the epidermis and results in erythema without blisters.

A second-degree burn extends through the epidermis and into the dermis. This causes blisters to form and is also called a partial thickness burn.

A third-degree burn is a full thickness burn and extends through the epidermis, dermis, and the underlying tissues

21
Q

Who is at risk for developing decubitus ulcers?

A

Patients who are non-ambulatory and bedridden are at high risk for forming these ulcers

22
Q

What is the difference between acne and acne rosacea? Who is more likely to develop these conditions?

A

Acne is more common in teenagers. It is the development of pustules and papules in the skin of the face and back. Adults can develop acne rosacea which is chronic acne. It is the development of tiny pimples and broken blood vessels on the cheeks and nose

23
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeleton? What general body regions do these divisions contain.

A

The axial and appendicular skeleton are the two divisions of the skeleton.

The axial skeleton contains the bones at the core of the body-the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the appendages of body, the shoulder girdle, arms, and hands, the pelvic girdle, legs, and feet

23
Q

Name the 5 classifications of bones based on shape and give an example of each

A

1-Flat bone, examples: scapula, sternum, skull, parts of the pelvis
2- Long bones, examples: bones of the arms and legs-tibia and fibula, femur, humerus, ulna, radius
3-Short bones, examples: bones of the wrist and ankles
4-Irregular, examples: vertebrae, bones in the ear
5-Sutural, examples: bones located between the sutures of the skull

23
Q

Describe the functions of bones.

A

Bones form the framework for the body for structure and movement, protect internal organs, store minerals such as calcium and phosphate, and serve as the place where blood cells are formed

24
Q

What are the accessory structures of the skeletal system?

A

The tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

25
Q

What are the functions of muscles?

A

Muscles enable the body to move from one place to another, produce heat, and maintain stability and posture

26
Q

How do the three parts of skeletal muscle interact with the bones and joints to create movement at the joint?

A

Joints are formed where two or more bones come together. Skeletal muscles attach to the bones that form the joint and contract to create movement. The origin of the muscle is where the muscle starts, and it is fixed. The insertion of the muscle is where the muscle attaches to the moving bone. When the body of the muscle contracts, or shortens, the bone where the muscle is inserted will move at the joint.

27
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

28
Q

Define adduction.

A

Adduction is moving a body part towards the midline

29
Q

What is the term for moving a body part away from the midline? In a circular motion?

A

Abduction and circumduction

30
Q

Define flexion and extension.

A

Flexion is bending a limb. Extension is straightening a flexed limb

31
Q

Use the combining form arthr/o, meaning joint, and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Procedure to withdraw fluid from a joint
b. Joint fusion
c. Joint inflammation
d. Process of visually examining a joint
e. Joint pain

A

A) Arthrocentesis
B) Arthrodesis
C) Arthritis
D) Arthroscopy
E) Arthralgia

32
Q

Use the combining form chondr/o, meaning cartilage, and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Pertaining to cartilage
b. Cartilage inflammation
c. Surgical removal of cartilage
d. Abnormal cartilage softening
e. Surgical repair of cartilage

A

A) Chrondral
B) Chondritis
C) Chondrectomy
D) Chondromalacia
E) Chondroplasty

33
Q

Use the combining form crani/o, meaning skull, the suffixes found in Table 1.7, and prefixes found in Table 1.8 in Module 1 to form medical terms that mean the following:
a. Pertaining to the skull
b. Pertaining to within the skull
c. Cutting into the skull
d. Surgical repair of the skull
e. Softening of the skull

A

A) Cranial
B) Intracranial
C) Craniotomy
D) Cranioplasty
E) Craniomalacia

34
Q

Use the suffix -kinesia, meaning movement and the prefixes found in Table 1.8 of Module 1 to form medical terms that define the following:
a. Slow movement
b. Difficult or abnormal movement
c. Excessive movement

A

A) bradykinesia
B) dyskinesia
C) hyperkinesia

35
Q

The combining forms muscul/o and my/o both mean muscle. Use these combining forms and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 of Module 1 to form terms that mean the following:
a. Pertaining to a muscle
b. Pertaining to within a muscle
c. Muscle pain
d. A record of muscle’s electricity
e. Muscle disease

A

A) Muscular
B) Intramuscular
C) Myalgia
D) Electromyogram
E) Myopathy

36
Q

The combining form oste/o means bone. Create terms using this combining form that mean the following: (The suffixes in Table 1.7 of Module 1 will need to be used.)
a. Bone pain
b. Bone cell
c. Producing bone
d. Bone and cartilage inflammation
e. Bone and bone marrow inflammation (The combining form myel/o means bone marrow)

A

A) Ostealgia
B) Osteocyte
C) osteogenic
D) Osteochondritis
E) Osteomyelitis

37
Q

Describe the two types of arthritis.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis is inflammation of the joints caused by the patient’s own immune system.

Osteoarthritis is inflammation of the joints caused by wear of the joints over time

38
Q

Define each of the following terms indicating inflammation in various parts of the body.
a. Bursitis
b. Tendinitis
c. Fasciitis
d. Myositis

A

A) inflammation of the bursa
B) inflammation of a tendon
C) Inflammation of fascia
D) Inflammation of the muscle

39
Q

Name and describe the 5 types of bone fractures?

A

1-Closed fractures do not involve a break in the skin
2-Open fractures do involve a break in the skin
3-Comminuted fracture is where the bone is shattered
4-Transverse fracture is where the shaft of a long bone is broken
5-Compression fracture is where two bones are pressed together

40
Q

What types of fractures are common in children?

A

Greenstick and epiphyseal fractures are common in children

41
Q

Describe carpal tunnel syndrome.

A

This is a syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness, and tingling of the hand and wrist due to compression of the median nerve where it goes underneath a ligament that connects the wrist bones

42
Q

What is the difference between an arthrocentesis and an arthroscopy?

A

An arthrocentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from a joint, and an arthroscopy is a surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint with a camera

43
Q

What is the term for a repair of a joint? What joints are commonly surgically repaired due to the damage due to osteoarthritis?

A

An arthroplasty is a surgical repair of a joint. It is common for the hips and knees to be repaired as a patient ages

44
Q

Which abnormal spine curve causes a “hunchback?

A

Kyphosis

45
Q

Uric acid crystals form in the small joints of the hands and feet in what disease?

A

Gout

46
Q

What is the term for a surgical fusion of the spine?

A

Spondylosyndesis

Portage AP1 (72 decks)

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