MT M 7 Module 7 Problem Set Flashcards
Describe the contents of the scrotum and explain why the scrotum is outside of the abdominal cavity.
The scrotum contains two testes with the epididymis. The scrotum hangs outside of the body to control the temperature within the scrotum. Sperm are not viable at body temperature and need to be at a lower temperature. (Section 7.1)
Fill in the blank: The ____ are the cells within the testes that produce sperm.
Answer: seminiferous tubules (Section 7.1)
Describe the three columns of the penis. Which column contains the urethra? What is another name for the head of the penis?
The penis contains two columns, called corpora cavernosa penis, and the third column, called the corpus spongiosum. The corpus spongiosum contains the urethra. The head of the penis is also called the glans penis. (Section 7.1)
List the path of sperm from where it is formed to outside the body, including the three sections of the urethra
Answer: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and then the urethra. The three sections of the urethra are the prostatic urethra, the membranous urethra, and the penile urethra. (Section 7.1)
Describe the various structures that add to the seminal fluid prior to ejaculation.
Answer: The seminal vesicles secrete fluid that becomes part of the seminal fluid. The bulbourethral gland and the prostate gland secrete mucus and fluid that also become part of the seminal fluid. (Section 7.1)
Fill in the blank: The (A) is the skin folds that cover the glans penis. It may be removed by a procedure called (B).
Answers: A) foreskin; B) circumcision. (Section 7.1)
Fill in the blank: The (A) are the primary female sex organs. They produce both (B), the female sex cell, and (C) and (D), the female sex hormones.
Answers: A) ovaries; B) the ova; C) estrogen; D) progesterone. (Section 7.4)
Describe the sections of the uterus, the layers of the uterus, and the function of the uterus.
Answers: The sections of the uterus are the fundus, the body, and the cervix. The layers of the uterus are the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The function of the uterus is to house the developing fetus during pregnancy. It also functions to contract during childbirth to push the newborn out of the uterus. (Section 7.4)
Describe the structure and purpose of the fallopian tubes. Describe the function of the vagina.
Answer: The fallopian tubes have three sections: the infundibulum, the ampulla, and the isthmus. The function of the fallopian tubes is to collect an ovum after it has been released from the ovary and propel it towards the uterus. Fertilization frequently occurs in the fallopian tubes. The function of the vagina is to provide a way for menstrual fluid to leave the uterus, as well as serve as the birth canal for the fetus during childbirth. The vagina also receives the penis during sexual intercourse. (Section 7.4)
Fill in the blank: The external female genitalia is called the (A). B) What are the sections of the female genitalia?
Answers: A) the vulva. B) The sections of the vulva are the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the vestibule, and the clitoris. The vestibule contains the external urinary meatus and the ducts of the Bartholin glands. (Section 7.4)
Identify and describe the three phases of the menstrual cycle.
Answer: The follicular phase is first and this is when the endometrium is shed through the vagina. The ovulatory phase is next. The levels of estrogen, FSH, and LH rise, which causes the endometrium to thicken again and a follicle within the ovary to develop and then release a mature egg. The final phase is the luteal phase. The corpus luteum within the ovary secretes progesterone, and estrogen continues to develop the endometrium. If the egg is not fertilized, these hormone levels will decrease, and a new menstrual cycle will begin again. (Section 7.4)
How long is a typical pregnancy? What are the names of the three stages of human development? Describe the three stages of labor.
Answers: A typical pregnancy is 40 weeks long. The three stages of human development are the preembryonic stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage. The first stage of labor is dilation of the cervix, the second stage of labor is the birth of the baby, and the third stage of labor is the delivery of the placenta. (Section 7.4)
The process of sperm formation occurs in the testicle, and they mature in the epididymis. Identify the terms from the flashcards that correspond to the following definitions.
a. Pertaining to the testicle.
b. Formation of sperm.
c. Inflammation of the epididymis.
Answers: A) Testicular. B) Spermatogenesis. C) epididymitis. (Section 7.2 Male reproductive flashcards)
A heterosexual couple is experiencing infertility. A semen sample analysis is completed to look for azoospermia or oligospermia. Define the underlined terms.
Heterosexual - Pertaining to the opposite sex; refers to a person whose sexual orientation is toward people of the opposite sex.
Infertility: Inability of a heterosexual couple to produce viable offspring.
Azoospermia: Condition in which the semen lacks sperm.
Oligospermia: Condition where there is a scanty amount of sperm in the semen.
(Section 7.2 Male reproductive flashcards)
A man with a testicular mass presented to the surgeon to discuss removal of the mass. Identify and define two surgical terms related to the testes from the flashcards that may have been discussed.
Orchiectomy is the surgical excision of a testicle.
Orchidotomy is a surgical incision into a testicle.
(Section 7.2 Male reproductive flashcards)
A common symptom of an STI is balanitis and the patient is instructed to avoid coitus until the symptom has resolved.
A) Define the abbreviation, STI.
B) Define the underlined words.
A) STI means sexually transmitted infection. (Section 7.2, Table 7.2)
B) Balanitis means inflammation of the glans penis. Coitus means sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. (Section 7.2 Male reproductive flashcards)
A male athlete was taking steroids to improve his performance. He developed gynecomastia due to the excess steroid use. Define the underlined word.
Answer: Gynecomastia is the excessive development of the mammary glands in a male. (Section 7.2 Male reproductive flashcards
During an annual exam, a woman reports that she is using two types of contraception: a condom and a spermicide. Define the underlined words.
Contraception is the process of preventing conception or a pregnancy. (Section 7.5 Female reproductive flashcards)
Spermicide is an agent that kills sperm. (Section 7.2 Male reproductive flashcards)
A woman in her third trimester of pregnancy is sent for an emergent cesarean section surgery due to abruptio placentae. Define the underlined words.
Cesarean section is a surgical delivery of the fetus through an incision created in the abdominal cavity and the uterus.
Abruptio placentae is an emergency condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall prior to birth of the fetus. (Section 7.5 Female reproductive flashcards)
A 47-year-old woman presents to the gynecologist to discuss an endometrial ablation due to menorrhagia. Define the underlined terms.
Gynecologist is a physician who specializes in the female reproductive system. (Section 7.4)
Endometrial means pertaining to the endometrium, the innermost layer of the uterus. (Section 7.4)
Ablation is a procedure that destroys the uterine lining.
Menorrhagia is extensive menses, either in number of days or amount of blood. (Section 7.5 Female reproductive flashcards)
A woman presented to her physician because she had not had a period for 3 months. An ultrasound confirmed an intrauterine pregnancy and the physician documented Gravida-1 Para-0 in the patient’s medical chart.
A) What is a medical term that means a lack of the monthly menses?
B) Define intrauterine.
C) What does the documentation Gravida-1 Para-0 mean?
A) Amenorrhea means a lack of the monthly menses.
B) Intrauterine means within the uterus.
C) Gravida is a term that means a pregnancy. Para refers to a woman who has given birth after 20 weeks gestation. Gradiva-1 Para-0 means that the patient has been pregnant once and has not yet given birth.
(Section 7.5 Female reproductive flashcards)
A woman underwent a procedure with a colposcope due to an abnormal pap smear. Define the underlined terms.
Colposcope is a medical instrument that examines the cervix and vagina with a magnifying lens.
Pap smear is a test that is used for early detection of cervical cancer where cells are removed from the cervix and then examined under a microscope.
(Section 7.5 Female reproductive flashcards)
A patient underwent a balanoplasty to correct an epispadias deformity.
A) Identify and define the combining form in balanoplasty and then define the term.
B) Define epispadias.
A) The combining form is balan/o, which means glans penis. The term balanoplasty is a surgical repair of the glans penis. (Section 7.2, Table 7.1)
B) Epispadias is a deformity where the urethral meatus opens on the dorsal side of the penis. (Section 7.2, Male reproductive flashcards)
A boy with bilateral cryptorchism underwent a surgical orchiopexy.
A) Identify and define the combining form in the underlined words.
B) Using the definitions of these words, explain why the boy had this procedure performed. (Hint: The suffix -pexy means a surgical fixation)
A) The combining form is orch/o meaning testicle. (Section 7.2, Table 7.1)
B) Both of the testicles did not descend into the scrotum, a condition called cryptorchism. He had a surgical procedure called an orchiopexy completed where the testes were freed and then implanted or fixed within the scrotum. (Section 7.2, Male reproductive flashcards, and Table 1.7 of Module 1)
