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Portage AP1 > AP1 M 4 problem set > Flashcards

AP1 M 4 problem set Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the function of the flat bones?
A

Produce red blood cells; protection of internal organs (skull protects the brain).

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2
Q
  1. Describe the shape of a long bone and what its design allows.
A

Long and thin; designed to support body weight and enable movement

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3
Q
  1. Name the five basic bone shapes.
A

Long, flat, short, irregular, and sesamoid.

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4
Q
  1. What term best describes a hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air?
A

Sinus

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5
Q
  1. True or false: A sulcus is a raised ridge in bone.
A

False

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6
Q
  1. What division of the skeleton lies along the midline?
A

Axial

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7
Q
  1. True or false: Fontanelles are present in adults.
A

False

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8
Q
  1. What two bones of the cranium lie primarily within the skull?
A

The sphenoid and the ethmoid bones

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9
Q
  1. True or false: The frontal bone is a paired bone of the cranium.
A

False

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10
Q
  1. Which bone contains the foramen magnum?
A

The occipital bone

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11
Q
  1. Review bone landmarks on the occipital bone.
A

See figure in module

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11
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?
A

The spinal cord passes to become the brain stem

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12
Q
  1. Sinusitis is an infection of the _______________.
A

Sinuses

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13
Q

Label the landmarks of the skull in the figure below:

1,4,10,11

A

1- Mastoid foramen
4- Carotid canal
10- Carotid canal
11- External acoustic meatus

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14
Q

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A

The nasal conchae act to swirl the air as it is breathed in through the nasal passages, helping to warm and humidify the air before it enters the lower respiratory system.

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15
Q

What are the only unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

A

The mandible and the vomer

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16
Q

What bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate?

A

The maxilla

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17
Q

Label all the bones of the cranium and facial skeleton.

A

See figures in module

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18
Q

True or false: A typical spine is completely straight when standing vertically.

A

False (note the typical curvatures in a spinal column)

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19
Q

True or false: The vertebral body is located anteriorly and can be palpated along the surface of the back.

A

False (located anteriorly, but the spinous processes are the structures that can be palpated along the surface of the back)

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20
Q

The vertebrae fit together to protect the __________, located in the vertebral canal.

A

The spinal cord

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21
Q

True or False: A typical thoracic vertebra has a bifid spinous process.

A

False

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22
Q

What is the purpose of transverse foramina in cervical spinal vertebrae?

A

Passage of vertebral arteries and veins

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23
Q

What region of the spine contains costal facets?

A

Thoracic

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24
Q

What is the purpose of costal facets?

A

Articulations with ribs

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25
Q

The line along the midline of the sacrum is called the

A

Median sacral crest.

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25
Q

Which region of the spine has the largest vertebral bodies?

A

Lumbar

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26
Q

True or False: Ribs 11 and 12 have no posterior attachment to the thoracic vertebrae.

A

False

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27
Q

Why is the glenohumeral joint prone to dislocation?

A

The glenoid cavity is very shallow and much smaller than the head of the humerus. The humerus needs to be held to the shallow glenoid cavity by the rotator cuff muscles and other ligaments

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27
Q

True or false: Anteriorly, the clavicle connects to the scapula.

A

False

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27
Q

True or false: The medial border of the scapula connects directly to the neck of the scapula.

A

False

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27
Q

True or false: The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior side of the scapula.

A

True

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28
Q

Review scapular bone landmarks.

A

See figures in module

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29
Q

The capitulum articulates with a small portion of the ______________.

30
Q

True or false: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow.

31
Q

What is the prominent bone that can be palpated in the elbow posteriorly?

31
Q

Review humerus bone landmarks.

A

See figures in module of the humerus.

32
Q

What structures connects the ulna and radius along their shafts?

A

Interosseous membrane

33
Q

Review ulna and radius bone landmarks.

A

See figures in module

34
Q

Name the four bones of the distal row of carpal bones.

A

The distal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

35
Q

Review all bones of the hand.

A

See figures in module of the hand.

36
Q

What bone is highlighted in the figure? (Left hand)

36
Q

Do the carpal bones of the hand articulate with the metacarpals or proximal phalanges?

A

The metacarpals

37
Q

The coxal bones are connected posteriorly to the ________________.

A

The sacrum

38
Q

The superior most region on the ilium is called the _______________.

A

Iliac crest

39
Q

The ASIS is a bone landmark on what bone?

40
Q

What bone landmark is highlighted in orange (center) in the figure below?

A

Iliac fossa

41
Q

Review all bone landmarks of the coxal bones.

A

See figures in module

42
Q

What are the main differences in the male and female pelvic shapes? Why?

A

The pubic arch is wider in females than in males. The pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet is shaped more like a circle in males and an oval in females. These differences are to accommodate childbearing

43
Q

True or false: The intertrochanteric crest articulates with the acetabulum.

44
Q

What bone landmark is highlighted in blue, along the center portion of the shaft?

A

Linea aspera

45
Q

Review all bone landmarks of the femur.

A

See figure of the femur in module.

46
Q

What bone lies anteriorly to the femur?

47
Q

The medial malleolus of the ankle is a part of what bone?

48
Q

Review bone landmarks of the tibia and fibula.

A

See figures in module.

49
Q

What bone of the foot is highlighted in blue below (left)?

50
Q

Review bones of the foot.

A

See figure in module

51
Q

Name and describe the function of the contents of the medullary cavity of bone.

A

Yellow bone marrow is a fat storage tissue found mainly in long bones. Red bone marrow is found primarily in short and flat bones, primarily to produce red blood cells.

52
Q

The center length of a long bone is called the _______________.

53
Q

This special type of cartilage is found at joint articulations.

A

articular cartilage

54
Q

Which type of bone is lighter: Spongy or compact?

A

Spongy bone

55
Q

Which type of bone is usually found on the external surface of bone: Spongy or compact?

56
Q

Which type of bone cell is responsible for removing worn bone cells?

A

Osteoclasts

57
Q

True or false: Only children require calcium in their diet to promote the work of building bone.

58
Q

True or false: Endochondral ossification is the ossification of long bones from hyaline cartilage.

59
Q

True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the formation of flat bones from connective tissue.

60
Q

This type of fracture occurs when one end of the bone is pushed inside the other.

61
Q

This type of arthritis causes the synovial membrane to become inflamed.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

62
Q

What type of joint is immovable: Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial?

A

Fibrous joints

63
Q

Synovial joints produce what type of fluid?

A

Synovial fluid

64
Q

The thumb has this type of synovial joint to allow the thumb to cross over the palm.

A

Saddle joint

65
Q

The clavicle connects posteriorly to the scapula via what ligament?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament

66
Q

Review all shoulder ligaments

A

See figure in module

67
Q

The ____________ ligament attaches the femur to the ilium.

A

The iliofemoral ligament

68
Q

What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below?

A

Iliolumbar ligament (left and right)

69
Q

Review all pelvic ligaments.

A

See figure in module

70
Q

The abbreviation PCL stands for ___________________.

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

71
Q

What is highlighted in blue in the figure below? (posterior view)

A

Lateral meniscus

72
Q

Review all ligaments of the knee.

A

See figure in module.

73
Q

This ligament connects the anterior vertebral bodies.

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament.

74
Q

What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below?

A

Supraspinous ligament

75
Q

Why can a herniated disc be painful?

A

Pain results when the damaged disk presses against the spinal cord or the spinal nerves.

76
Q

Review all spinal ligaments.

A

See figure in module.

Portage AP1 (72 decks)

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