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AP1 M 4 problem set Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the function of the flat bones?
A

Produce red blood cells; protection of internal organs (skull protects the brain).

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2
Q
  1. Describe the shape of a long bone and what its design allows.
A

Long and thin; designed to support body weight and enable movement

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3
Q
  1. Name the five basic bone shapes.
A

Long, flat, short, irregular, and sesamoid.

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4
Q
  1. What term best describes a hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air?
A

Sinus

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5
Q
  1. True or false: A sulcus is a raised ridge in bone.
A

False

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6
Q
  1. What division of the skeleton lies along the midline?
A

Axial

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7
Q
  1. True or false: Fontanelles are present in adults.
A

False

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8
Q
  1. What two bones of the cranium lie primarily within the skull?
A

The sphenoid and the ethmoid bones

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9
Q
  1. True or false: The frontal bone is a paired bone of the cranium.
A

False

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10
Q
  1. Which bone contains the foramen magnum?
A

The occipital bone

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11
Q
  1. Review bone landmarks on the occipital bone.
A

See figure in module

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11
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?
A

The spinal cord passes to become the brain stem

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12
Q
  1. Sinusitis is an infection of the _______________.
A

Sinuses

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13
Q

Label the landmarks of the skull in the figure below:

1,4,10,11

A

1- Mastoid foramen
4- Carotid canal
10- Carotid canal
11- External acoustic meatus

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14
Q

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A

The nasal conchae act to swirl the air as it is breathed in through the nasal passages, helping to warm and humidify the air before it enters the lower respiratory system.

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15
Q

What are the only unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

A

The mandible and the vomer

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16
Q

What bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate?

A

The maxilla

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17
Q

Label all the bones of the cranium and facial skeleton.

A

See figures in module

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18
Q

True or false: A typical spine is completely straight when standing vertically.

A

False (note the typical curvatures in a spinal column)

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19
Q

True or false: The vertebral body is located anteriorly and can be palpated along the surface of the back.

A

False (located anteriorly, but the spinous processes are the structures that can be palpated along the surface of the back)

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20
Q

The vertebrae fit together to protect the __________, located in the vertebral canal.

A

The spinal cord

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21
Q

True or False: A typical thoracic vertebra has a bifid spinous process.

A

False

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22
Q

What is the purpose of transverse foramina in cervical spinal vertebrae?

A

Passage of vertebral arteries and veins

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23
Q

What region of the spine contains costal facets?

A

Thoracic

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24
What is the purpose of costal facets?
Articulations with ribs
25
The line along the midline of the sacrum is called the
Median sacral crest.
25
Which region of the spine has the largest vertebral bodies?
Lumbar
26
True or False: Ribs 11 and 12 have no posterior attachment to the thoracic vertebrae.
False
27
Why is the glenohumeral joint prone to dislocation?
The glenoid cavity is very shallow and much smaller than the head of the humerus. The humerus needs to be held to the shallow glenoid cavity by the rotator cuff muscles and other ligaments
27
True or false: Anteriorly, the clavicle connects to the scapula.
False
27
True or false: The medial border of the scapula connects directly to the neck of the scapula.
False
27
True or false: The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior side of the scapula.
True
28
Review scapular bone landmarks.
See figures in module
29
The capitulum articulates with a small portion of the ______________.
Radius
30
True or false: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow.
False
31
What is the prominent bone that can be palpated in the elbow posteriorly?
Ulna
31
Review humerus bone landmarks.
See figures in module of the humerus.
32
What structures connects the ulna and radius along their shafts?
Interosseous membrane
33
Review ulna and radius bone landmarks.
See figures in module
34
Name the four bones of the distal row of carpal bones.
The distal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.
35
Review all bones of the hand.
See figures in module of the hand.
36
What bone is highlighted in the figure? (Left hand)
Capitate
36
Do the carpal bones of the hand articulate with the metacarpals or proximal phalanges?
The metacarpals
37
The coxal bones are connected posteriorly to the ________________.
The sacrum
38
The superior most region on the ilium is called the _______________.
Iliac crest
39
The ASIS is a bone landmark on what bone?
Ilium
40
What bone landmark is highlighted in orange (center) in the figure below?
Iliac fossa
41
Review all bone landmarks of the coxal bones.
See figures in module
42
What are the main differences in the male and female pelvic shapes? Why?
The pubic arch is wider in females than in males. The pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet is shaped more like a circle in males and an oval in females. These differences are to accommodate childbearing
43
True or false: The intertrochanteric crest articulates with the acetabulum.
False
44
What bone landmark is highlighted in blue, along the center portion of the shaft?
Linea aspera
45
Review all bone landmarks of the femur.
See figure of the femur in module.
46
What bone lies anteriorly to the femur?
Patella
47
The medial malleolus of the ankle is a part of what bone?
Tibia
48
Review bone landmarks of the tibia and fibula.
See figures in module.
49
What bone of the foot is highlighted in blue below (left)?
Navicular
50
Review bones of the foot.
See figure in module
51
Name and describe the function of the contents of the medullary cavity of bone.
Yellow bone marrow is a fat storage tissue found mainly in long bones. Red bone marrow is found primarily in short and flat bones, primarily to produce red blood cells.
52
The center length of a long bone is called the _______________.
Diaphysis
53
This special type of cartilage is found at joint articulations.
articular cartilage
54
Which type of bone is lighter: Spongy or compact?
Spongy bone
55
Which type of bone is usually found on the external surface of bone: Spongy or compact?
Compact
56
Which type of bone cell is responsible for removing worn bone cells?
Osteoclasts
57
True or false: Only children require calcium in their diet to promote the work of building bone.
False
58
True or false: Endochondral ossification is the ossification of long bones from hyaline cartilage.
True
59
True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the formation of flat bones from connective tissue.
True
60
This type of fracture occurs when one end of the bone is pushed inside the other.
Impacted
61
This type of arthritis causes the synovial membrane to become inflamed.
Rheumatoid arthritis
62
What type of joint is immovable: Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial?
Fibrous joints
63
Synovial joints produce what type of fluid?
Synovial fluid
64
The thumb has this type of synovial joint to allow the thumb to cross over the palm.
Saddle joint
65
The clavicle connects posteriorly to the scapula via what ligament?
Acromioclavicular ligament
66
Review all shoulder ligaments
See figure in module
67
The ____________ ligament attaches the femur to the ilium.
The iliofemoral ligament
68
What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below?
Iliolumbar ligament (left and right)
69
Review all pelvic ligaments.
See figure in module
70
The abbreviation PCL stands for ___________________.
Posterior cruciate ligament
71
What is highlighted in blue in the figure below? (posterior view)
Lateral meniscus
72
Review all ligaments of the knee.
See figure in module.
73
This ligament connects the anterior vertebral bodies.
Anterior longitudinal ligament.
74
What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below?
Supraspinous ligament
75
Why can a herniated disc be painful?
Pain results when the damaged disk presses against the spinal cord or the spinal nerves.
76
Review all spinal ligaments.
See figure in module.

Portage AP1 (72 decks)

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