AP 1 M5 5.1: Anatomy of the Muscular System: Introduction & Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk Flashcards
muscular system and the skeletal system
The muscular system and the skeletal system work together to provide movement for the human body.
Muscle tissue
Muscle tissue is found in three distinct types in the body; skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles must have a blood and nervous supply to provide movement.
conscious control
Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action.
Peripheral nerves
Peripheral nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to a specific muscle destination to provide movement.
central nervous system
Peripheral nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to a specific muscle destination to provide movement
motor actions
Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle are called motor actions.
sensation or sensory input
Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input (see Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2). Spinal nerves combine to form complex networks of peripheral nerves throughout the body.
Tendons
Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end. Tendons are flexible, can bend at the joints, and help cushion against sudden movement.
Ligaments
Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet.
muscle to bony site of attachment
All skeletal muscles have an origin, insertion, and action. The origin is the bony site of attachment that is stationary during the movement. The insertion of a muscle is the bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction
origin and insertion
The origin and insertion can be reversed in different types of movement. For this module, the standard origin and insertion points are referenced from anatomical position.
action
The action of the muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle’s contraction. For example, the triceps are the primary extensor of the forearms.
innervation
The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain. For example, the innervation of the biceps brachii is the musculocutaneous nerve
Muscles are generally
Muscles are generally studied in groups. The following muscle list is an overview of some of the major muscles in the body. Study the location of the muscle in the body. In addition, if listed, study the origin, insertion, innervation and action of these muscles.
CN
Muscles of Facial Expression
CN is an abbreviation for cranial nerve. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that originate on the ventral surface of the brain, controlling muscles and functions of several organs and glands.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
The muscles in this grouping help to facilitate actions that move the head (occiput) and control the neck.
lateral flexion
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Side bending of the neck is also called side flexion or lateral flexion, which refers to moving one of the ears to the same side shoulder.
Neck flexion
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Neck flexion refers to the action of moving the chin towards the sternum.
bilaterally or unilaterally
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Note there are several muscles that have differing actions if acting together on both sides (bilaterally) or acting on one side only (unilaterally).
Vertebral Column: Erector Spinae
The erector spinae group are superficial muscles in the back. These muscles act as the prime extensors of the vertebral column.
