MT M6 case study Flashcards
Identify and define the combining forms found in the italicized words within the progress note.
A. Epigastric
B. Gingival
C. Peptic
D. Duodenum
E. Colonoscopy
A - Gastr/o means stomach.
B - Gingiv/o means gums.
C - Pept/o means to digest.
D - Duoden/o means the duodenum.
E - Colon/o means the colon.
Answer the following questions by describing the normal anatomy and physiology of the stomach and small intestine.
A. Identify the two sphincters in the stomach. (1 point)
B. Identify the three sections of the stomach. (1 point)
C. Describe the function of the rugae. (1 point)
D. Describe the types of digestion that occur in the stomach. (1 point)
E. How long is a normal duodenum in an adult? (1 point)
A - The two sphincters in the stomach are the lower esophageal sphincter or the cardiac sphincter at the base of the esophagus and the pyloric sphincter at the end of the stomach.
B - The three sections of the stomach are the fundus, the body, and the antrum.
C - The rugae function to enlarge the stomach as it fills with food and produce digestive juices from glands located within in them.
D - There are two types of digestion that occur in the stomach: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical digestion occurs as the stomach mixes the food with the digestive juices in the stomach, and chemical digestion occurs as the digestive juices break down the food.
E - A normal duodenum is 12 inches long in an adult. (Section 6.2
Identify and define the abbreviations found within the progress note.
PO means per os, or by mouth.
EGD means esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
PPI means proton-pump inhibitor. (Section 6.3, Table 6.2)
Identify and define the two vocabulary words underlined in the progress note.
Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing.
Dentition means the teeth. (Section 6.3 digestive vocabulary flashcards)
The patient denied any complaints of vomiting, and his stool was well-formed without indication of frank blood loss. A complication that occurs in 10% of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers is a hemorrhage.
A. Identify and define three terms related to bleeding within the upper or lower GI tract. (3 points)
B. Besides the EGD, identify the two additional tests the physician either completed or ordered to screen for GI bleeding. (3 points)
A - Hematemesis is vomiting with blood that is either bright red or “coffee ground emesis” that is brown.
Melena is dark, tarry stool that contains digested blood and has a distinct odor. Hematochezia is the passage of large volumes of bloody stool. (Sections 6.3, digestive flashcards, Section 6.4)
B - The physician completed a fecal occult blood test during the digital rectal exam to screen for trace amounts of blood loss. They also ordered a complete blood count to screen for anemia. (Module 6 Progress Note)
The patient stated that he had relief from the epigastric pain after a meal.
a. Identify the medical term for this time period.
b. Identify and define the combining form within the term.
a. Postprandial is the medical term that means after a meal.
b. Prand/i is the combining form in this term, and it means a meal.
The patient had a duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcers are more common in younger patients between the ages of 30 and 55 years old and are very low risk for being cancerous.
Use the combining form in the term duodenal to create three other medical terms that have the following definitions. Hint: Use the combining forms found in Table 6.1 and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 from Module 1.
a. Inflammation of the duodenum and common bile duct.
b. Incision of the duodenum.
c. Pertaining to the duodenum and jejunum.
The combining form in duodenal is duoden/o.
A - Duodenocholangitis
B - Duodenotomy
C - Duodenojejunal (Section 6.3, Table 6.1 and Module 1, Table 1.7)
A rare cause of peptic ulcer disease is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In this syndrome, tumors in the gut called gastrinomas secrete gastrin, which causes high levels of stomach acid that lead to ulcers.
Use the combining form found in the term gastrinoma to create three other medical terms that have the following definitions. Hint: Use the combining forms found in Table 6.1 and the suffixes found in Table 1.7 from Module 1.
a. Inflammation of both the stomach and duodenum.
b. Pain in the stomach and intestines.
c. Any disease of the stomach.
The combining form in gastrinoma is gastr/o.
A - Gastroduodenitis
B - Gastroenteralgia
C - Gastropathy
