More Exam 4 Study Flashcards
Meningitis
Cause, results, symptoms, diagnosis
-Causes: bacterial/viral invasion of CNS (pi’s/arachnoid)through nose/ throat
-Result: swelling of brain, enlargement of vesicles, hemorrhage
-Symptoms: fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, headache. Coma & death
-Diagnosis: CSF by lumbar puncture
Brain receives what percentage of all blood flow
15%
Blood brain barrier is very permeable to:
H2O
Glucose
Alcohol
CO2
What’s in the Diencephalon? Where is it?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
Function of thalamus
Relay station
Function of the hypothalamus
Homeostatic control
ANS, emotions, temperature, eating, water balance, sleep/week, endocrine
Pineal gland
Endocrine functions
What is part of the brain stem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Mid brain functions
Connects forebrain and hind brain
Interacts with Diencephalon
Pons function
Sensory cranial nerves pass through
Medulla oblongata function
Neuronal tracts pass into spinal cord
Cerebellum:
What kind of cells, function?
Purkinje cells (lots of dendrites)
-Motor coordination & muscle memory
-Also sensory, linguistic, emotional
Cerebral projection tract
Carry information away from or to cerebral cortex
Commissural tracts
From one hemisphere to the other
Association tracts
Same side of hemisphere (lobe to lobe)
Limbic system contains what?
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus location
Arches over corpus callosum
Hippocampus function and location
Medial temporal lobe
Long-term memory
Pain and pleasure center
Amygdala location and function
Rostral to hippocampus
Emotions, pain and pleasure center
Function of frontal lobe
Personality and motor
Parietal lobe functions
Sensory and language
Temporal lobe function
Language, auditory, smell
Occipital lobe function
Eyesight
Know locations of:
Primary gustatory cortex
Primary olfactory cortex
Primary motor area
Primary somatosensory cortex
Warnicke‘s area
Broca’s area
Wernikes area where? is responsible for? Wernikes aphasia symptoms?
Temporal lobe
Understands words spoken and written
Aphasia: talk, but doesn’t make sense and don’t understand
Broca’s area Location? Responsible for? Brocas aphasia symptoms?
Frontal lobe
Motor speaking
Aphasia: Understand but can’t speak
Visceral reflex arc
Receptor
Afferent neuron
Integrating center
Efferent neurons
Effectors
Example of a visceral reflex arc: Baroreflex
Receptor: Baroreceptor
Afferent neuron: glossopharyngeal nerve
Integrating center: medulla oblongata
Efferent neuron: Vagus nerve
Effector: cardiac pacemaker, heart rate slows
Autonomic pathway: sympathetic
Short myelinated axons synapses with postganglionic neuron unmyelinated
Autonomic pathway parasympathetic, And which cranial nerves?
Long preganglionic fibers and interminal ganglia
Short postganglionic fibers 
Cranial nerves: oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, Vagus
Example of antagonistic dual innervation: heart rate
Sympathetic increases HR
Parasympathetic decreases HR
Example of cooperative dual innervation micturition and urination
 inhibition of sphincters cooperate with bladder: help with excretion of urine and urination
Dual innervation pupillary dilation
Dilate= up sympathetic
Constrict= up parasympathetic
Blown pupil= damage in brain inhibiting parasympathetic activity
