More Exam 4 Study

Question 1

Meningitis
Cause, results, symptoms, diagnosis

Answer 1

-Causes: bacterial/viral invasion of CNS (pi’s/arachnoid)through nose/ throat
-Result: swelling of brain, enlargement of vesicles, hemorrhage
-Symptoms: fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, headache. Coma & death
-Diagnosis: CSF by lumbar puncture

Question 2

Brain receives what percentage of all blood flow

Answer 2

15%

Question 3

Blood brain barrier is very permeable to:

Answer 3

H2O
Glucose
Alcohol
CO2

Question 4

What’s in the Diencephalon? Where is it?

Answer 4

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Question 5

Function of thalamus

Answer 5

Relay station

Question 6

Function of the hypothalamus

Answer 6

Homeostatic control
ANS, emotions, temperature, eating, water balance, sleep/week, endocrine

Question 7

Pineal gland

Answer 7

Endocrine functions

Question 8

What is part of the brain stem?

Answer 8

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 9

Mid brain functions

Answer 9

Connects forebrain and hind brain

Interacts with Diencephalon

Question 10

Pons function

Answer 10

Sensory cranial nerves pass through

Question 11

Medulla oblongata function

Answer 11

Neuronal tracts pass into spinal cord

Question 12

Cerebellum:
What kind of cells, function?

Answer 12

Purkinje cells (lots of dendrites)

-Motor coordination & muscle memory
-Also sensory, linguistic, emotional

Question 13

Cerebral projection tract

Answer 13

Carry information away from or to cerebral cortex

Question 14

Commissural tracts

Answer 14

From one hemisphere to the other

Question 15

Association tracts

Answer 15

Same side of hemisphere (lobe to lobe)

Question 16

Limbic system contains what?

Answer 16

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

Question 17

Cingulate gyrus location

Answer 17

Arches over corpus callosum

Question 18

Hippocampus function and location

Answer 18

Medial temporal lobe
Long-term memory
Pain and pleasure center

Question 19

Amygdala location and function

Answer 19

Rostral to hippocampus
Emotions, pain and pleasure center

Question 20

Function of frontal lobe

Answer 20

Personality and motor

Question 21

Parietal lobe functions

Answer 21

Sensory and language

Question 22

Temporal lobe function

Answer 22

Language, auditory, smell

Question 23

Occipital lobe function

Answer 23

Eyesight

Question 24

Know locations of:

Answer 24

Primary gustatory cortex
Primary olfactory cortex
Primary motor area
Primary somatosensory cortex
Warnicke‘s area
Broca’s area

Question 25

Wernikes area where? is responsible for? Wernikes aphasia symptoms?

Answer 25

Temporal lobe Understands words spoken and written Aphasia: talk, but doesn’t make sense and don’t understand

Question 26

Broca’s area Location? Responsible for? Brocas aphasia symptoms?

Answer 26

Frontal lobe Motor speaking Aphasia: Understand but can’t speak

Question 27

Visceral reflex arc

Answer 27

Receptor Afferent neuron Integrating center Efferent neurons Effectors

Question 28

Example of a visceral reflex arc: Baroreflex

Answer 28

Receptor: Baroreceptor Afferent neuron: glossopharyngeal nerve Integrating center: medulla oblongata Efferent neuron: Vagus nerve Effector: cardiac pacemaker, heart rate slows

Question 29

Autonomic pathway: sympathetic

Answer 29

Short myelinated axons synapses with postganglionic neuron unmyelinated

Question 30

Autonomic pathway parasympathetic, And which cranial nerves?

Answer 30

Long preganglionic fibers and interminal ganglia Short postganglionic fibers  Cranial nerves: oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, Vagus

Question 31

Example of antagonistic dual innervation: heart rate

Answer 31

Sympathetic increases HR Parasympathetic decreases HR

Question 32

Example of cooperative dual innervation micturition and urination

Answer 32

 inhibition of sphincters cooperate with bladder: help with excretion of urine and urination

Question 33

Dual innervation pupillary dilation

Answer 33

Dilate= up sympathetic Constrict= up parasympathetic Blown pupil= damage in brain inhibiting parasympathetic activity