Chapter 2.4 Lipids

Question 1

Lipid

Answer 1

Hydrophobic organic molecule made of carbon and a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

Question 2

Lipids are less ______than carbohydrates and thus have more________

Answer 2

Less oxidized and have more calories per gram

Question 3

Five primary types of lipids in humans

Answer 3

1. Fatty acids
2. Triglycerides
3. Phospholipids
4. Eicosanoids
5. Steroids
   

Question 4

Fatty acid

Answer 4

Chain of 4 to 24 carbons with a carboxyl group and a methyl group at either end. Saturated or unsaturated

Question 5

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 5

Has as much hydrogen as it can carry

Question 6

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 6

Hydrogen can be added to this molecule because some double covalent bonds

Question 7

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 7

Multiple double carbon to carbon covalent bonds

Question 8

Essential fatty acids

Answer 8

Obtain from diet, cannot synthesize them

Question 9

Glycerol

Answer 9

A three carbon alcohol

Question 10

Triglyceride

Answer 10

A glycerol linked to three fatty acids which makes it neutral; links formed by dehydration synthesis. 

Question 11

Triglycerides are broken down by_____

Answer 11

Hydrolysis reactions

Question 12

Triglycerides are also known as______

Answer 12

Neutral fats

Question 13

Which fats contribute more to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 13

Saturated fats

Question 14

Primary function of fat

Answer 14

Energy storage

Question 15

Primary function of fat in adipose tissue

Answer 15

Thermal insulation and shock absorbing cushion for organs

Question 16

Phospholipids are made of

Answer 16

Glycerol, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group which links to other functional groups

Question 17

Nature of phospholipids

Answer 17

Clothespin: Tails are hydrophobic head is hydrophilic…so amphipathic

Question 18

Most important function of phospholipid

Answer 18

Structural foundation of cell membranes

Question 19

Eicosanoids structure

Answer 19

20 carbon compounds derived from arachidonic acid

Question 20

Eicosanoids primary function

Answer 20

Hormone like chemical signals between cells

Question 21

Prostaglandins function and shape

Answer 21

-Functionally diverse Eicosanoids (signaling in inflammation, blood clotting, hormone action, labor contractions, Control of blood vessel diameter, etc.)
-Five of the 20 carbon atoms arranged in a ring

Question 22

Steroid

Answer 22

Lipid with 17 of its carbon atoms arranged in four rings

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

Parents steroid from which other steroids are synthesized:
Cortisol, progesterone, estrogens, testosterone, and bile acids

Question 24

We obtain dietary cholesterol from __________

Answer 24

Foods of animal origin

Question 25

Cholesterol functions

Answer 25

Precursor of other steroids Important component of cell membranes: required for proper nervous system function

Question 26

Where is cholesterol primarily synthesized

Answer 26

the liver

Question 27

Function of bile acids

Answer 27

Steroids that aid in fat digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 28

Cholesterol function

Answer 28

Component of cell membranes and precursor of other steroids

Question 29

Eicosanoids function

Answer 29

Chemical messenger between cells

Question 30

Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E,K function

Answer 30

Blood clotting, wound healing, vision, calcium absorption, etc.

Question 31

Fatty acids Function

Answer 31

Precursor of triglycerides; source of energy

Question 32

Phospholipids Function

Answer 32

Major component of cell membranes; aid in fat digestion

Question 33

Steroid hormones Function

Answer 33

Chemical messengers between cells

Question 34

Triglycerides function

Answer 34

Energy storage thermal insulation filling space binding organs together cushioning organs