Ch 4 4.1

Question 1

Monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

Nucleotide is composed of:

Answer 2

1. Nitrogenous base
2. Monosaccharide
3. Phosphate group

Question 3

Purines:

Answer 3

Nitrogenous base with Double rings
-Adenine
-Guinine

Question 4

Pyrimidines:

Answer 4

Nitrogenous base with single ring:
-Cytosine
-Thymine (DNA)
-Uracil (RNA)

Question 5

chargaff’s principle

Answer 5

A purine on one strand always bound to a pyrimidine on the other

Question 6

Law of complementary base pairing
(Which ones pair together, how many hydrogen bonds)

Answer 6

A—T (2 hydrogen bonds)
C—G (3 hydrogen bonds)

(RNA: A—U)

Question 7

Structure of DNA (what made of and bonds)

Answer 7

Two strands of nucleic acids joined via hydrogen bonds
Each individual strand has sugar-phosphate backbone joined by phosphodiester bonds

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Segment of DNA coding for the synthesis of a specific protein

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

All of the genes of one person

Question 10

Humans have 20,000 genes, only about ___ % is coding DNA

Answer 10

2%

Question 11

Non-coding DNA function

Answer 11

98%: Structural integrity and regulates Synthesis of different proteins

Question 12

Central dogma theory (which transcribes, which translates?)

Answer 12

DNA—(transcribed)—>RNA—(translated)—>Protein

Question 13

Amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by what?

Answer 13

The nucleotide sequence in the DNA

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

In the nucleus 

Question 15

Histones

Answer 15

Spool like proteins DNA double helix winds around to form core particles

Question 16

Nucleosome

Answer 16

Unit from one histone to another

Question 17

Levels of DNA folding

Answer 17

1. DNA double helix
2. Nucleosome
3. 30 nm folding
4. More folding
5. Chromosomes (during mitosis)

Question 18

Sister chromatids

Answer 18

Exact copies attached together

Question 19

Kinectochore

Answer 19

Protein that connects sister chromatids

Question 20

Centromere

Answer 20

Central region of chromosome

Question 21

Karyotyping

Answer 21

Genetic testing; looking for matches and abnormalities

Question 22

How many different kinds of chromosomes?

Answer 22

23, so 46 in every cell.

Question 23

Types of RNA and purpose

Answer 23

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Transcription; interpret the DNA instruction

Question 24

mRNA

Answer 24

Messenger RNA; encoded from DNA to travel out of nucleus

Question 25

tRNA

Answer 25

Transfer RNA; holds different amino acids, matches up to signals from mRNA

Question 26

rRNA

Answer 26

Ribosomal RNA

Question 27

DNA vs RNA:
Strands, sugar, Bases

Answer 27

DNA: double strand, deoxyribose, TCGA.
RNA: single strand, ribose, CGAU