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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch3, 3.1-3.2 > Flashcards

Ch3, 3.1-3.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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2
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

Living things arise from nonliving things; meat experiment with maggots to refute

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3
Q

Three components of cell theory

A
  1. Cells derive from other cells
  2. Every living organism is composed of cells
  3. Cells are the simplest structural and functional unit of life
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4
Q

Squamous

A

Squashed

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5
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cubes, in a circle

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6
Q

Columnar cells

A

Columns

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7
Q

Polygonal cells

A

4+ sides

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8
Q

Stellate cells

A

Stars

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9
Q

Spheroidal cells

A

Spheres

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10
Q

Discoidal cells

A

Discs (Red blood cells)

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11
Q

Fusiform cells

A

Spindle-shaped; eyeballs

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12
Q

Fibrous cells

A

Fibers

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13
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

When are given increase in diameter, volume increases more than surface area

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14
Q

Volume of a cell

A

V≈D^3
Volume is proportional to diameter cubed

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15
Q

Surface area of a cell

A

SA≈D^2
Surface area is proportional to diameter Squared

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16
Q

Plasma membrane Of a cell is the:

A

Barrier between inside and outside of cell

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17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

What’s inside the cell

18
Q

Extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid

A

What’s outside of cell

19
Q

Basal surface of plasma membrane

A

What is attached to bottom of cell or basement membrane

20
Q

Apical surface plasma membrane

A

Part exposed to extracellular fluid or top of cell

21
Q

Lateral surface of plasma membrane

A

Sides of the cell

22
Q

3 Functions of the plasma membrane

A
  1. Cell boundaries
  2. Interacts with other cells/outside environment
  3. Controls passage of materials in/out of cell “gatekeeper” (Semi permeable)
23
Q

What faces/spaces does the phospholipid bilayer have?

A

– intracellular face
– extracellular face
– intercellular space

24
Q

Phospholipid bilayer components of plasma membrane

A
  1. Phospholipids (75%) 
  2. Cholesterol (20%)
  3. Glycolipids (5%)
    
25
Q

Phospholipid by layer of plasma membrane is amphipathic because:

A

amphipathic:
-Fatty acid tails – Hydrophobic(away from Intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid with intercellular space between),
-phosphate head - hydrophilic

26
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

Cell membrane moves in Waves; Flexibility

27
Q

Lipid rafts

A

Lipid particles float along membrane

28
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, cholesterol does what?

A

Stiffen membrane; provide structure

29
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, glycolipids look like what and do what?

A

Little tags; contribute to glycocalyx: help maintain integrity of cell

30
Q

Limitations on cells:

A

Limit on cell size
Surface area to volume ratio

31
Q

What size are most cells?

A

Most are 10 to 15 µm in size

32
Q

Which cells can you see with the naked eye?

A

Nerve cells and muscle cells

33
Q

Why do cells try to stay balanced in size?

A

So they can support themselves:

– Nutrients from SA.
If the diameter gets too large, SA isn’t big enough to take in enough nutrients for metabolism to balance out with the cell volume.

get nutrients from the surface of the cell so if volume keeps increasing at a greater rate, surface area isn’t going to keep up. If diameter gets too large, cell is not able to support itself

34
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

Membrane is not stagnant, but moves in waves; flexibility

35
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Extensions of the plasma membrane that increase cells surface area; for absorption or sensory functions

36
Q

Brush border

A

Microvilli Fringe at apical cell surface

37
Q

Cilia

A

Long Hair-like extensions of the plasma membrane.

38
Q

Two kinds of cilia

A
  1. Non-motile primary ciliam 
  2. Motile cilia
39
Q

Function of nonmotile primary cilia

A

Sensory function; monitors flow of fluid

40
Q

Function of motile Cilia

A

Propels mucus, egg cell, cerebrospinal fluid with power stroke and recovery stroke

41
Q

Flagellum

A

Longer than cilia, Beats in undulating fashion; ex:sperm tail

42
Q

Pseudopods

A

Cytoplasm – filled extensions of the cell that change continuously

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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