Ch3, 3.1-3.2

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

The study of cells

Question 2

Spontaneous generation

Answer 2

Living things arise from nonliving things; meat experiment with maggots to refute

Question 3

Three components of cell theory

Answer 3

1. Cells derive from other cells
2. Every living organism is composed of cells
3. Cells are the simplest structural and functional unit of life

Question 4

Squamous

Answer 4

Squashed

Question 5

Cuboidal

Answer 5

Cubes, in a circle

Question 6

Columnar cells

Answer 6

Columns

Question 7

Polygonal cells

Answer 7

4+ sides

Question 8

Stellate cells

Answer 8

Stars

Question 9

Spheroidal cells

Answer 9

Spheres

Question 10

Discoidal cells

Answer 10

Discs (Red blood cells)

Question 11

Fusiform cells

Answer 11

Spindle-shaped; eyeballs

Question 12

Fibrous cells

Answer 12

Fibers

Question 13

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 13

When are given increase in diameter, volume increases more than surface area

Question 14

Volume of a cell

Answer 14

V≈D^3
Volume is proportional to diameter cubed

Question 15

Surface area of a cell

Answer 15

SA≈D^2
Surface area is proportional to diameter Squared

Question 16

Plasma membrane Of a cell is the:

Answer 16

Barrier between inside and outside of cell

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

What’s inside the cell

Question 18

Extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid

Answer 18

What’s outside of cell

Question 19

Basal surface of plasma membrane

Answer 19

What is attached to bottom of cell or basement membrane

Question 20

Apical surface plasma membrane

Answer 20

Part exposed to extracellular fluid or top of cell

Question 21

Lateral surface of plasma membrane

Answer 21

Sides of the cell

Question 22

3 Functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 22

1. Cell boundaries
2. Interacts with other cells/outside environment
3. Controls passage of materials in/out of cell “gatekeeper” (Semi permeable)

Question 23

What faces/spaces does the phospholipid bilayer have?

Answer 23

– intracellular face
– extracellular face
– intercellular space

Question 24

Phospholipid bilayer components of plasma membrane

Answer 24

1. Phospholipids (75%) 
2. Cholesterol (20%)
3. Glycolipids (5%)
   

Question 25

Phospholipid by layer of plasma membrane is amphipathic because:

Answer 25

amphipathic: -Fatty acid tails – Hydrophobic(away from Intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid with intercellular space between), -phosphate head - hydrophilic

Question 26

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 26

Cell membrane moves in Waves; Flexibility

Question 27

Lipid rafts

Answer 27

Lipid particles float along membrane

Question 28

In the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, cholesterol does what?

Answer 28

Stiffen membrane; provide structure

Question 29

In the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, glycolipids look like what and do what?

Answer 29

Little tags; contribute to glycocalyx: help maintain integrity of cell

Question 30

Limitations on cells:

Answer 30

Limit on cell size Surface area to volume ratio

Question 31

What size are most cells?

Answer 31

Most are 10 to 15 µm in size

Question 32

Which cells can you see with the naked eye?

Answer 32

Nerve cells and muscle cells

Question 33

Why do cells try to stay balanced in size?

Answer 33

So they can support themselves: – Nutrients from SA. If the diameter gets too large, SA isn’t big enough to take in enough nutrients for metabolism to balance out with the cell volume. get nutrients from the surface of the cell so if volume keeps increasing at a greater rate, surface area isn’t going to keep up. If diameter gets too large, cell is not able to support itself

Question 34

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 34

Membrane is not stagnant, but moves in waves; flexibility

Question 35

What are microvilli?

Answer 35

Extensions of the plasma membrane that increase cells surface area; for absorption or sensory functions

Question 36

Brush border

Answer 36

Microvilli Fringe at apical cell surface

Question 37

Cilia

Answer 37

Long Hair-like extensions of the plasma membrane.

Question 38

Two kinds of cilia

Answer 38

1. Non-motile primary ciliam  2. Motile cilia

Question 39

Function of nonmotile primary cilia

Answer 39

Sensory function; monitors flow of fluid

Question 40

Function of motile Cilia

Answer 40

Propels mucus, egg cell, cerebrospinal fluid with power stroke and recovery stroke

Question 41

Flagellum

Answer 41

Longer than cilia, Beats in undulating fashion; ex:sperm tail

Question 42

Pseudopods

Answer 42

Cytoplasm – filled extensions of the cell that change continuously