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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch 7: Skeletal Anatomy And Histology > Flashcards

Ch 7: Skeletal Anatomy And Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system has

A

Bones
Cartilage
Ligament

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2
Q

Cartilage is where in/on bones?

A

Around articulating joints of bones

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3
Q

Ligaments attach what to want?

A

Bone to bone

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4
Q

Functions of skeleton

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid base balance
Blood formation

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5
Q

How do bones contribute to movement

A

Muscles attached; lever system

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6
Q

How do bones Contribute like to electrolyte balance

A

Store calcium and phosphate ions

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7
Q

How do bones contribute to acid – base balance

A

Contributes by absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonic salts to help buffer pH

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8
Q

How do bones contribute to blood formation

A

Red bone marrow produce all formed elements of blood:
-platelets
-red blood cells
-white blood cells

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9
Q

Which tissues are bones composed of

A

Osseous tissue
Adipose tissue
Nervous tissue
Blood and bone marrow
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue

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10
Q

Connective tissue in bones has a _______ matrix

A

Hardened matrix

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11
Q

Matrix of bone made from

A

Collagen fiber scaffolding with hydroxyapatite and other minerals attached for hardened structure

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12
Q

Bones: collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite contribute to their ability to

A

Support weight but also be somewhat flexible

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13
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Aka: Brittle bone disease
Genetic lack of collagen protein that results in excess of brittleness of bones

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14
Q

Rickets: what and cause

A

Lack of minerals and proper nutrients can result in “flimsy” bones

Cause: vitamin D deficiency and calcium deficiency

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15
Q

Which are considered Flat bones?

A

Sternum, ribs, skull

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16
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae and pelvic (hip) bones

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17
Q

Long bones

A

Proximal and distal limbs

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18
Q

Short bones

A

Ankle and wrist bones

19
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Kneecap

20
Q

Diaphysis

A

Central part of a long bone which holds medullary canal (for bone marrow)

21
Q

Articular cartilage of long bones

A

Found in joints and bone interactions; end of long bones

22
Q

Nutrient foramina

A

Holes in Long bones that provide access for vessel/nerves

23
Q

Periosteum of long bone

A

The outer layer or perimeter of a long bone

24
Q

Endosteum of long bones

A

The inner part or lining of the medullary canal

25
Q

Compact bone

A

Harder outer shell
Enclosed is medullary cavity and spongy bone
Made of dense osseous tissue

26
Q

Spongy bone

A

Loose less compact bone of osseous tissue
Found in the epiphysis (ends)
Enclosed by compact bone

27
Q

Little units of osseous tissue

A

Osteons

28
Q

Compact bone contains

A

Osteons
-Haversian canal
-Canaliculi
-Lamellae
-Lacunae
Nutrient foramina
Yellow marrow

29
Q

Haversian canal

A

Where nerves and blood pass through osteons

30
Q

Canaliculi

A

Perpendicular pathways or lines on Ostiones

31
Q

Lamellae

A

Like tree rings on osteons

32
Q

Lacunae

A

Nesting spot for osteocytes

33
Q

Nutrient foramina

A

Hole so nutrients can enter

34
Q

Spongy bone consists of

A

Spicules and trabeculae
Fewer osteons
Red marrow
Site of reabsorption

35
Q

Bone marrow

A

Soft tissue
Two types:
– red marrow
– yellow marrow

36
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Formed elements of blood

37
Q

Formed elements of blood

A

Platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells

38
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Made mostly of adipose tissue; red marrow turns into yellow marrow as we age

39
Q

Four types of bone cells

A
  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
40
Q

Osteogenic cells: what and where?

A

Stem cells to give rise to other bone cells and multiply continually
Found in endosteum and inner layer of periosteum

41
Q

Osteoblasts: what, function, where

A

Bone-forming cells
non-mitotic ,
Have some endocrine function

Found in growing portions of bone where osteogenic cells are


42
Q

Osteocytes: where and functions

A

Former osteoblasts Trapped in lacunae in matrix
Function:
-homeostasis of bone matrix and deposit
-Strain sensory
Just bone shaped intensity to adapt to stress

43
Q

Osteoclasts: structure, where, osteogenic?

A

Bone dissolving cells With ruffled border for greater absorption

Do NOT come from osteogenic cells

Found along endosteum and inner layer of periosteum

44
Q

Osteolysis

A

Breaking down bone; reabsorbed when not needed or when things inside now needed for different purpose

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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