Ch 7: Skeletal Anatomy And Histology

Question 1

Skeletal system has

Answer 1

Bones
Cartilage
Ligament

Question 2

Cartilage is where in/on bones?

Answer 2

Around articulating joints of bones

Question 3

Ligaments attach what to want?

Answer 3

Bone to bone

Question 4

Functions of skeleton

Answer 4

Support
Protection
Movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid base balance
Blood formation

Question 5

How do bones contribute to movement

Answer 5

Muscles attached; lever system

Question 6

How do bones Contribute like to electrolyte balance

Answer 6

Store calcium and phosphate ions

Question 7

How do bones contribute to acid – base balance

Answer 7

Contributes by absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonic salts to help buffer pH

Question 8

How do bones contribute to blood formation

Answer 8

Red bone marrow produce all formed elements of blood:
-platelets
-red blood cells
-white blood cells

Question 9

Which tissues are bones composed of

Answer 9

Osseous tissue
Adipose tissue
Nervous tissue
Blood and bone marrow
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue

Question 10

Connective tissue in bones has a _______ matrix

Answer 10

Hardened matrix

Question 11

Matrix of bone made from

Answer 11

Collagen fiber scaffolding with hydroxyapatite and other minerals attached for hardened structure

Question 12

Bones: collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite contribute to their ability to

Answer 12

Support weight but also be somewhat flexible

Question 13

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 13

Aka: Brittle bone disease
Genetic lack of collagen protein that results in excess of brittleness of bones

Question 14

Rickets: what and cause

Answer 14

Lack of minerals and proper nutrients can result in “flimsy” bones

Cause: vitamin D deficiency and calcium deficiency

Question 15

Which are considered Flat bones?

Answer 15

Sternum, ribs, skull

Question 16

Irregular bones

Answer 16

Vertebrae and pelvic (hip) bones

Question 17

Long bones

Answer 17

Proximal and distal limbs

Question 18

Short bones

Answer 18

Ankle and wrist bones

Question 19

Sesamoid bone

Answer 19

Kneecap

Question 20

Diaphysis

Answer 20

Central part of a long bone which holds medullary canal (for bone marrow)

Question 21

Articular cartilage of long bones

Answer 21

Found in joints and bone interactions; end of long bones

Question 22

Nutrient foramina

Answer 22

Holes in Long bones that provide access for vessel/nerves

Question 23

Periosteum of long bone

Answer 23

The outer layer or perimeter of a long bone

Question 24

Endosteum of long bones

Answer 24

The inner part or lining of the medullary canal

Question 25

Compact bone

Answer 25

Harder outer shell Enclosed is medullary cavity and spongy bone Made of dense osseous tissue

Question 26

Spongy bone

Answer 26

Loose less compact bone of osseous tissue Found in the epiphysis (ends) Enclosed by compact bone

Question 27

Little units of osseous tissue

Answer 27

Osteons

Question 28

Compact bone contains

Answer 28

Osteons -Haversian canal -Canaliculi -Lamellae -Lacunae Nutrient foramina Yellow marrow

Question 29

Haversian canal

Answer 29

Where nerves and blood pass through osteons

Question 30

Canaliculi

Answer 30

Perpendicular pathways or lines on Ostiones

Question 31

Lamellae

Answer 31

Like tree rings on osteons

Question 32

Lacunae

Answer 32

Nesting spot for osteocytes

Question 33

Nutrient foramina

Answer 33

Hole so nutrients can enter

Question 34

Spongy bone consists of

Answer 34

Spicules and trabeculae Fewer osteons Red marrow Site of reabsorption

Question 35

Bone marrow

Answer 35

Soft tissue Two types: – red marrow – yellow marrow

Question 36

Red bone marrow

Answer 36

Formed elements of blood

Question 37

Formed elements of blood

Answer 37

Platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells

Question 38

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 38

Made mostly of adipose tissue; red marrow turns into yellow marrow as we age

Question 39

Four types of bone cells

Answer 39

1. Osteogenic cells 2. Osteoblasts 3. Osteocytes 4. Osteoclasts

Question 40

Osteogenic cells: what and where?

Answer 40

Stem cells to give rise to other bone cells and multiply continually Found in endosteum and inner layer of periosteum

Question 41

Osteoblasts: what, function, where

Answer 41

Bone-forming cells non-mitotic , Have some endocrine function Found in growing portions of bone where osteogenic cells are 

Question 42

Osteocytes: where and functions

Answer 42

Former osteoblasts Trapped in lacunae in matrix Function: -homeostasis of bone matrix and deposit -Strain sensory Just bone shaped intensity to adapt to stress

Question 43

Osteoclasts: structure, where, osteogenic?

Answer 43

Bone dissolving cells With ruffled border for greater absorption Do NOT come from osteogenic cells Found along endosteum and inner layer of periosteum

Question 44

Osteolysis

Answer 44

Breaking down bone; reabsorbed when not needed or when things inside now needed for different purpose