Ch 7: Skeletal Anatomy And Histology Flashcards
Skeletal system has
Bones
Cartilage
Ligament
Cartilage is where in/on bones?
Around articulating joints of bones
Ligaments attach what to want?
Bone to bone
Functions of skeleton
Support
Protection
Movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid base balance
Blood formation
How do bones contribute to movement
Muscles attached; lever system
How do bones Contribute like to electrolyte balance
Store calcium and phosphate ions
How do bones contribute to acid – base balance
Contributes by absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonic salts to help buffer pH
How do bones contribute to blood formation
Red bone marrow produce all formed elements of blood:
-platelets
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
Which tissues are bones composed of
Osseous tissue
Adipose tissue
Nervous tissue
Blood and bone marrow
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue
Connective tissue in bones has a _______ matrix
Hardened matrix
Matrix of bone made from
Collagen fiber scaffolding with hydroxyapatite and other minerals attached for hardened structure
Bones: collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite contribute to their ability to
Support weight but also be somewhat flexible
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Aka: Brittle bone disease
Genetic lack of collagen protein that results in excess of brittleness of bones
Rickets: what and cause
Lack of minerals and proper nutrients can result in “flimsy” bones
Cause: vitamin D deficiency and calcium deficiency
Which are considered Flat bones?
Sternum, ribs, skull
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and pelvic (hip) bones
Long bones
Proximal and distal limbs
Short bones
Ankle and wrist bones
Sesamoid bone
Kneecap
Diaphysis
Central part of a long bone which holds medullary canal (for bone marrow)
Articular cartilage of long bones
Found in joints and bone interactions; end of long bones
Nutrient foramina
Holes in Long bones that provide access for vessel/nerves
Periosteum of long bone
The outer layer or perimeter of a long bone
Endosteum of long bones
The inner part or lining of the medullary canal
Compact bone
Harder outer shell
Enclosed is medullary cavity and spongy bone
Made of dense osseous tissue
Spongy bone
Loose less compact bone of osseous tissue
Found in the epiphysis (ends)
Enclosed by compact bone
Little units of osseous tissue
Osteons
Compact bone contains
Osteons
-Haversian canal
-Canaliculi
-Lamellae
-Lacunae
Nutrient foramina
Yellow marrow
Haversian canal
Where nerves and blood pass through osteons
Canaliculi
Perpendicular pathways or lines on Ostiones
Lamellae
Like tree rings on osteons
Lacunae
Nesting spot for osteocytes
Nutrient foramina
Hole so nutrients can enter
Spongy bone consists of
Spicules and trabeculae
Fewer osteons
Red marrow
Site of reabsorption
Bone marrow
Soft tissue
Two types:
– red marrow
– yellow marrow
Red bone marrow
Formed elements of blood
Formed elements of blood
Platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Made mostly of adipose tissue; red marrow turns into yellow marrow as we age
Four types of bone cells
- Osteogenic cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells: what and where?
Stem cells to give rise to other bone cells and multiply continually
Found in endosteum and inner layer of periosteum
Osteoblasts: what, function, where
Bone-forming cells
non-mitotic ,
Have some endocrine function
Found in growing portions of bone where osteogenic cells are

Osteocytes: where and functions
Former osteoblasts Trapped in lacunae in matrix
Function:
-homeostasis of bone matrix and deposit
-Strain sensory
Just bone shaped intensity to adapt to stress
Osteoclasts: structure, where, osteogenic?
Bone dissolving cells With ruffled border for greater absorption
Do NOT come from osteogenic cells
Found along endosteum and inner layer of periosteum
Osteolysis
Breaking down bone; reabsorbed when not needed or when things inside now needed for different purpose
