Chapter 1.4

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms

Question 2

Natural selection

Answer 2

Some individuals within a species of a veditary advantages over their competitors but enable to them to produce more offspring. They pass the advantages onto their offspring and such characteristics therefore become more and more common in successive generations

Advantages of individuals in a species that allow them to produce more offspring so the advantages become more common in the population over time

Question 3

Selection pressures

Answer 3

Natural forces that promote the reproductive success of some individuals more than others. Ex: food, climate, Predators, disease, competition.

Question 4

Adaptations

Answer 4

Features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that evolve in response to selection pressures and enable an organism to cope with the challenges of its environment

Question 5

Model

Answer 5

door strains selected for research on a particular problem

Question 6

Arboreal

Answer 6

Treetop habitat

Question 7

Opposable thumbs

Answer 7

Thumbs that can cross the palm to hold objects better

They could cross the palm to touch the fingertips to hold small objects and manipulate the more precisely than other mammals

Question 8

Prehensile

Answer 8

Ability to grasp objects by encircling them with the thumb and fingers

Question 9

Stereoscopic vision

Answer 9

Eyes of primates moved to more forward facing position which allowed for depth perception and better hand eye coordination

Question 10

Bipedalism

Answer 10

Standing and walking on 2 legs

Question 11

Evolutionary medicine

Answer 11

How human disease and dysfunctions can be traced to differences between the artificial environment in which we now live, and the prehistoric environment in which home homo sapiens are biologically adapted