CH 6 Hair, Nails, Glands, And Skin disorders

Question 1

Accessory organs of the skin are:

Answer 1

Hair nails cutaneous glands

Question 2

Hair and nails are made of:

Answer 2

Hard keratin; Mostly dead keratinized cells

Question 3

Hair shaft

Answer 3

Visible hair

Question 4

Hair root

Answer 4

Imbedded deep into dermis

Question 5

Hair bulb: what happens here and where receive nutrients?

Answer 5

Only place hair has living cells; continuous mitosis for growth

Receives blood supply and nutrients from the dermal papilla

Question 6

Terminal papillae is part of 

Answer 6

The dermis; Invagination on bulb

Question 7

The invagination on a hair bulb is what?

Answer 7

The dermal papilla, which is part of the dermis, not hair

Question 8

Hair follicle

Answer 8

Surrounds hair and anchors into skin

Question 9

Hair follicle is made of:

Answer 9

Nerves and muscle fiber

Question 10

Nerves of hair follicle do what?

Answer 10

Feel pressure and tugging due to innervations around hair follicle

Question 11

Muscle fibers of hair

Answer 11

Arrector pili muscle 

Question 12

Arrector pili muscle activated in response to

Answer 12

Response to sensory input from environment

Question 13

Goosebumps

Answer 13

Contraction of arrector pili muscle from Sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Question 14

Functions of the hair

Answer 14

-Stimulation can alert you
-Scalp hair retains heat; Protects against sunburn
-eyebrows/eyelashes protect eyes
-Vibrassae: Prevents foreign particles from entering

Question 15

Vibrassae

Answer 15

Hair and nose/ears that prevents foreign particles from entering; some sensory functions

Question 16

Composition of nails

Answer 16

Hard keratin

Question 17

Nail plate: what are parts

Answer 17

Hard edge of nail
– free edge
– nail body
– nail root

Question 18

 Cyanosis

Answer 18

Bluing of skin do to hypoxia

Question 19

Hypoxia

Answer 19

Inadequate blood oxygen supply to tissues

Question 20

Erythema

Answer 20

Excessive redness
Additional blood rushes to surface of skin

Ex: Exercise, anger, embarrassment, sunburn, rashes

Question 21

Albinism

Answer 21

Genetic lack of melanin causes pale White skin/hair

Question 22

Pallor

Answer 22

Paleness

Question 23

Jaundice

Answer 23

Yellowing; Buildup of bilirubin, issues with liver

Question 24

Hematomas

Answer 24

Bruises (mass of clotted blood)

Purple: dead blood cells collect
Yellow/green: Bilirubin from blood cells being broken down

Question 25

Primary cause of skin cancer

Answer 25

UV sun radiation

Question 26

Three types of skin cancer

Answer 26

1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma

Question 27

Most common type of skin cancer

Answer 27

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 28

Basal cell carcinoma: commonality, how dangerous, which cells, identifying characteristics

Answer 28

-Most common
-Least dangerous
-From cells in Stratum Basale
-Small shiny bump with Central depression and beaded edges

Question 29

Squamous cell carcinoma: commonality, how dangerous, Where metastasizes, which cells, identifying characteristics

Answer 29

-Medium commonality
-If caught early not dangerous, tends to Metastasize to lymph nodes (lethal)
-Keratinocytes of stratum Spinosum
-Raised, reddened, scaly appearance later forms concave ulcer; scalp, ears, lower lip, back of hand

Question 30

Melanoma: commonality, cells, How dangerous

Answer 30

-< 5% of all skin cancers
– damaged melanocytes from UV
– Rapidly metastasizing cancer that likes to spread. Can be removed if caught early

Question 31

ABCDE of melanoma

Answer 31

A: asymmetry
B: border (uneven)
C: color (multiple)
D: diameter (larger than 1/4 inch)
E: evolving (change in size/shape/color)