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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch 5: Types Of Tissues > Flashcards

Ch 5: Types Of Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of similar cells working together to perform a specific role

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

Made of multiple tissues that serves a particular physiological role in the body

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3
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues; how cells interact with one another in a given tissue

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4
Q

Tissues differ by:

A

Types and functions of cells; extracellular matrix components

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5
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Environment which surrounds cells

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6
Q

What is in the extracellular matrix?

A

Fibrous proteins
Ions
Ground substance

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7
Q

Ground substance is and contains?

A

Jelly like medium cells are engulfed in

Water, nutrients, waste, other chemicals

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8
Q

Embryogenesis

A

Tissues derive from embryonic tissues by differentiation 

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9
Q

Three primary germ layers?

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Endoderm
  3. Mesoderm
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10
Q

Ectoderm: location and differentiates into…

A

Outer part

Exoskeleton (epidermidis, nervous system)

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11
Q

Endoderm: location and turns into…

A

Inner layer

Inner lining of organs (lining in respiratory tract, mucosal membranes in digestive glands)

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12
Q

Mesoderm: location and turns into…

A

Middle layer

Develops into organs and connective tissue (mesenchyme: collagen, cardiac muscle, bones, blood etc.)

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13
Q

Four classes of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Nervous tissue
  4. Muscular tissue
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14
Q

Epithelial tissue : description

A

Sheets of closely adhering cells



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15
Q

Epithelial tissue: How thick?

A

One or more cell layers thick

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16
Q

Epithelial tissue sits along?

A

Connective tissue

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17
Q

What adheres epithelial and connective tissue?

A

Basement membrane

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18
Q

Where is epithelial tissue?

A

Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities 

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19
Q

The upper surface of epithelial cells usually are exposed to what?

A

The environment

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20
Q

Epithelial tissue constitutes most ______?

A

Glands

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21
Q

Is epithelial tissue avascular or vascular?

A

Avascular; does not have its own blood supply

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22
Q

6 Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Protection
Secretions
Excretions
Absorption
Filtration
Sense stimuli

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23
Q

Examples of where epithelial tissues are located?

A

Lining of small intestines, aveoli in lungs, capillary beds

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24
Q

Basement membrane contains what

A

Collagen, protein–carbohydrate complexes, proteins structures that anchor it to underlying tissue

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25
Q

Classes of epithelial cell types

A
  1. Simple epithelium
  2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  3. Stratified epithelium
    
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26
Q

Epithelial cell shapes

A

 Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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27
Q

In epithelial tissue is there a larger amount of cells or extracellular matrix?

A

More cells, less ECM

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28
Q

In stratified squamous epithelium, the deepest layer undergo what?

A

Continuous mitosis

29
Q

Two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia

A

Keratinized and nonkeratinized

30
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelia: description, location, functions

A

Outer most layer is made of hardened, dead, compressed cells filled with keratin

Epidermidis

Prevents water loss; strengthening layer

31
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia: location, functions

A

Lines membranes And inner parts of organs 

Protection; abrasion resistant because of multiple layers

32
Q

Functions of connective tissue:

A

Supports, Connects, and protects organs

33
Q

Is Connective tissue avascular or vascular?

A

Vascular; has a blood supply

34
Q

In connective tissue do cells or ECM occupy more space?

A

ECM

35
Q

4 Common cells of connective tissues

A

Fibroblasts (fiber cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Adipocytes (fat cells)
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

36
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Help create different fibers; collagen, elastic, reticular, etc.

37
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

38
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells

39
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

40
Q

Fibers of connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

41
Q

Collagen fibers provide what and are found where?

A

Strength and resistance to tearing;

found in: Tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of collagen

42
Q

Reticular fibers provide what?

A

Scaffolding

43
Q

Elastic fibers provide what?

A

Stretch and recoil

44
Q

8 Functions of connective tissue
(Call Some People In My Storage House Thanks)

A

Connecting organs
Support
Physical protection
Immune protection
Movement
Storage
Heat production
Transport

45
Q

Which connective tissue connects organs?

A

Tendons and ligaments

46
Q

Which connective tissue give support?

A

Bones and cartilage

47
Q

Which connective tissue provides physical protection?

A

Cranium, ribs, Sternum, etc

48
Q

Which connective tissue provides immune protection?

A

Production of white blood cells

49
Q

How does connective tissue help with movement?

A

Adherence of muscle to bone; bones provide lever system

50
Q

How does connective tissue help with storage?

A

Adipocytes – fat
Bones – calcium, phosphorus

51
Q

How does connective tissue help with heat production?

A

Metabolism of brown fat

52
Q

How does connective tissue help with transport?

A

Blood is a connective tissue that transports nutrients and waste

53
Q

Six types of connective tissue

A
  1. Loose
  2. Fibrous
  3. Elastic cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
  6. Adipose
54
Q

Types of loose connective tissue:

A

Areolar connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue

55
Q

Areolar connective tissue is where and does what??

A

Under skin

Cushioning and support, some mobility

56
Q

Reticular connective tissue is where and does what

A

Around spleen and lymph nodes

Scaffolding and screens blood passing through

57
Q

Dense connective tissue types:

A

Dense regular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue

58
Q

Dense regular connective tissue: description and where?

A

Organized, packed layers of collagen fibers

Ligaments and tendons

59
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue: description and where?

A

Haphazard bundles, less compacted

Dermis of skin; around liver, kidney, spleen; fibrous sheets around cartilage and bones

60
Q

Cartilage description

A

Stiff connective tissue; rubbery matrix with some flexibility

61
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells that make cartilage

62
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Retired chondroblasts that don’t make more cartilage

63
Q

Avascular versus vascular

A

No blood supply versus has a blood supply

64
Q

Cartilage has what features?
-Chondro_____
-Chondro_____
-Vascular/Avascular
-Matrix quality

A

Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
Avascular
Rich matrix with lots of nutrients

65
Q

3 Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

66
Q

Hyaline cartilage: Description and where?

A

-Clearer looking ground substance (glassy matrix)
-Can’t see collagen fibers – can see chondrocytes
-Found where joints come into contact; along respiratory tract; coastal cartilage of sternum

67
Q

Fibrocartilage Description and where?

A

Dense collagen fibers in organized rows; organized cell rows

 pubic synthesis, between vertebrae, meniscus in any joint

68
Q

Elastic cartilage: description and where?

A

Chaotic mesh of elastic fibers

External ear; epiglottis

69
Q

Number of cells versus extracellular matrix in connective tissue:

A

Extracellular matrix is bigger than number of cells

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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