Ch 5: Types Of Tissues Flashcards
What is a tissue?
Group of similar cells working together to perform a specific role
What is an organ?
Made of multiple tissues that serves a particular physiological role in the body
Histology
Study of tissues; how cells interact with one another in a given tissue
Tissues differ by:
Types and functions of cells; extracellular matrix components
Extracellular matrix
Environment which surrounds cells
What is in the extracellular matrix?
Fibrous proteins
Ions
Ground substance
Ground substance is and contains?
Jelly like medium cells are engulfed in
Water, nutrients, waste, other chemicals
Embryogenesis
Tissues derive from embryonic tissues by differentiation 
Three primary germ layers?
- Ectoderm
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
Ectoderm: location and differentiates into…
Outer part
Exoskeleton (epidermidis, nervous system)
Endoderm: location and turns into…
Inner layer
Inner lining of organs (lining in respiratory tract, mucosal membranes in digestive glands)
Mesoderm: location and turns into…
Middle layer
Develops into organs and connective tissue (mesenchyme: collagen, cardiac muscle, bones, blood etc.)
Four classes of tissues
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Muscular tissue
Epithelial tissue : description
Sheets of closely adhering cells

Epithelial tissue: How thick?
One or more cell layers thick
Epithelial tissue sits along?
Connective tissue
What adheres epithelial and connective tissue?
Basement membrane
Where is epithelial tissue?
Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities 
The upper surface of epithelial cells usually are exposed to what?
The environment
Epithelial tissue constitutes most ______?
Glands
Is epithelial tissue avascular or vascular?
Avascular; does not have its own blood supply
6 Functions of epithelial tissue
Protection
Secretions
Excretions
Absorption
Filtration
Sense stimuli
Examples of where epithelial tissues are located?
Lining of small intestines, aveoli in lungs, capillary beds
Basement membrane contains what
Collagen, protein–carbohydrate complexes, proteins structures that anchor it to underlying tissue
Classes of epithelial cell types
- Simple epithelium
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Stratified epithelium

Epithelial cell shapes
 Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
In epithelial tissue is there a larger amount of cells or extracellular matrix?
More cells, less ECM
In stratified squamous epithelium, the deepest layer undergo what?
Continuous mitosis
Two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia
Keratinized and nonkeratinized
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelia: description, location, functions
Outer most layer is made of hardened, dead, compressed cells filled with keratin
Epidermidis
Prevents water loss; strengthening layer
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia: location, functions
Lines membranes And inner parts of organs 
Protection; abrasion resistant because of multiple layers
Functions of connective tissue:
Supports, Connects, and protects organs
Is Connective tissue avascular or vascular?
Vascular; has a blood supply
In connective tissue do cells or ECM occupy more space?
ECM
4 Common cells of connective tissues
Fibroblasts (fiber cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Adipocytes (fat cells)
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Fibroblasts
Help create different fibers; collagen, elastic, reticular, etc.
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Adipocytes
Fat cells
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Fibers of connective tissue
Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
Collagen fibers provide what and are found where?
Strength and resistance to tearing;
found in: Tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of collagen
Reticular fibers provide what?
Scaffolding
Elastic fibers provide what?
Stretch and recoil
8 Functions of connective tissue
(Call Some People In My Storage House Thanks)
Connecting organs
Support
Physical protection
Immune protection
Movement
Storage
Heat production
Transport
Which connective tissue connects organs?
Tendons and ligaments
Which connective tissue give support?
Bones and cartilage
Which connective tissue provides physical protection?
Cranium, ribs, Sternum, etc
Which connective tissue provides immune protection?
Production of white blood cells
How does connective tissue help with movement?
Adherence of muscle to bone; bones provide lever system
How does connective tissue help with storage?
Adipocytes – fat
Bones – calcium, phosphorus
How does connective tissue help with heat production?
Metabolism of brown fat
How does connective tissue help with transport?
Blood is a connective tissue that transports nutrients and waste
Six types of connective tissue
- Loose
- Fibrous
- Elastic cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
- Adipose
Types of loose connective tissue:
Areolar connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue is where and does what??
Under skin
Cushioning and support, some mobility
Reticular connective tissue is where and does what
Around spleen and lymph nodes
Scaffolding and screens blood passing through
Dense connective tissue types:
Dense regular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue: description and where?
Organized, packed layers of collagen fibers
Ligaments and tendons
Dense irregular connective tissue: description and where?
Haphazard bundles, less compacted
Dermis of skin; around liver, kidney, spleen; fibrous sheets around cartilage and bones
Cartilage description
Stiff connective tissue; rubbery matrix with some flexibility
Chondroblasts
Cells that make cartilage
Chondrocytes
Retired chondroblasts that don’t make more cartilage
Avascular versus vascular
No blood supply versus has a blood supply
Cartilage has what features?
-Chondro_____
-Chondro_____
-Vascular/Avascular
-Matrix quality
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
Avascular
Rich matrix with lots of nutrients
3 Types of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage: Description and where?
-Clearer looking ground substance (glassy matrix)
-Can’t see collagen fibers – can see chondrocytes
-Found where joints come into contact; along respiratory tract; coastal cartilage of sternum
Fibrocartilage Description and where?
Dense collagen fibers in organized rows; organized cell rows
 pubic synthesis, between vertebrae, meniscus in any joint
Elastic cartilage: description and where?
Chaotic mesh of elastic fibers
External ear; epiglottis
Number of cells versus extracellular matrix in connective tissue:
Extracellular matrix is bigger than number of cells
