Ch 5: Types Of Tissues Flashcards by Crystal Hopper

What is a tissue?

Group of similar cells working together to perform a specific role

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What is an organ?

Made of multiple tissues that serves a particular physiological role in the body

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Histology

Study of tissues; how cells interact with one another in a given tissue

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Tissues differ by:

Types and functions of cells; extracellular matrix components

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Extracellular matrix

Environment which surrounds cells

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What is in the extracellular matrix?

Fibrous proteins
Ions
Ground substance

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Ground substance is and contains?

Jelly like medium cells are engulfed in

Water, nutrients, waste, other chemicals

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Embryogenesis

Tissues derive from embryonic tissues by differentiation

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Three primary germ layers?

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

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Ectoderm: location and differentiates into…

Outer part

Exoskeleton (epidermidis, nervous system)

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Endoderm: location and turns into…

Inner layer

Inner lining of organs (lining in respiratory tract, mucosal membranes in digestive glands)

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Mesoderm: location and turns into…

Middle layer

Develops into organs and connective tissue (mesenchyme: collagen, cardiac muscle, bones, blood etc.)

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Four classes of tissues

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue

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Epithelial tissue : description

Sheets of closely adhering cells

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Epithelial tissue: How thick?

One or more cell layers thick

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Epithelial tissue sits along?

Connective tissue

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What adheres epithelial and connective tissue?

Basement membrane

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Where is epithelial tissue?

Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities

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The upper surface of epithelial cells usually are exposed to what?

The environment

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Epithelial tissue constitutes most ______?

Glands

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Is epithelial tissue avascular or vascular?

Avascular; does not have its own blood supply

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6 Functions of epithelial tissue

Protection
Secretions
Excretions
Absorption
Filtration
Sense stimuli

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Examples of where epithelial tissues are located?

Lining of small intestines, aveoli in lungs, capillary beds

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Basement membrane contains what

Collagen, protein–carbohydrate complexes, proteins structures that anchor it to underlying tissue

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Classes of epithelial cell types

1. Simple epithelium 2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 3. Stratified epithelium

Epithelial cell shapes

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

In epithelial tissue is there a larger amount of cells or extracellular matrix?

More cells, less ECM

In stratified squamous epithelium, the deepest layer undergo what?

Continuous mitosis

Two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia

Keratinized and nonkeratinized

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelia: description, location, functions

Outer most layer is made of hardened, dead, compressed cells filled with keratin Epidermidis Prevents water loss; strengthening layer

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia: location, functions

Lines membranes And inner parts of organs Protection; abrasion resistant because of multiple layers

Functions of connective tissue:

Supports, Connects, and protects organs

Is Connective tissue avascular or vascular?

Vascular; has a blood supply

In connective tissue do cells or ECM occupy more space?

ECM

4 Common cells of connective tissues

Fibroblasts (fiber cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) Adipocytes (fat cells) Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Fibroblasts

Help create different fibers; collagen, elastic, reticular, etc.

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Adipocytes

Fat cells

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Fibers of connective tissue

Collagen fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers

Collagen fibers provide what and are found where?

Strength and resistance to tearing; found in: Tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of collagen

Reticular fibers provide what?

Scaffolding

Elastic fibers provide what?

Stretch and recoil

8 Functions of connective tissue (Call Some People In My Storage House Thanks)

Connecting organs Support Physical protection Immune protection Movement Storage Heat production Transport

Which connective tissue connects organs?

Tendons and ligaments

Which connective tissue give support?

Bones and cartilage

Which connective tissue provides physical protection?

Cranium, ribs, Sternum, etc

Which connective tissue provides immune protection?

Production of white blood cells

How does connective tissue help with movement?

Adherence of muscle to bone; bones provide lever system

How does connective tissue help with storage?

Adipocytes – fat Bones – calcium, phosphorus

How does connective tissue help with heat production?

Metabolism of brown fat

How does connective tissue help with transport?

Blood is a connective tissue that transports nutrients and waste

Six types of connective tissue

1. Loose 2. Fibrous 3. Elastic cartilage 4. Bone 5. Blood 6. Adipose

Types of loose connective tissue:

Areolar connective tissue Reticular connective tissue

Areolar connective tissue is where and does what??

Under skin Cushioning and support, some mobility

Reticular connective tissue is where and does what

Around spleen and lymph nodes Scaffolding and screens blood passing through

Dense connective tissue types:

Dense regular connective tissue Dense irregular connective tissue

Dense regular connective tissue: description and where?

Organized, packed layers of collagen fibers Ligaments and tendons

Dense irregular connective tissue: description and where?

Haphazard bundles, less compacted Dermis of skin; around liver, kidney, spleen; fibrous sheets around cartilage and bones

Cartilage description

Stiff connective tissue; rubbery matrix with some flexibility

Chondroblasts

Cells that make cartilage

Chondrocytes

Retired chondroblasts that don’t make more cartilage

Avascular versus vascular

No blood supply versus has a blood supply

Cartilage has what features? -Chondro_____ -Chondro_____ -Vascular/Avascular -Matrix quality

Chondroblasts Chondrocytes Avascular Rich matrix with lots of nutrients

3 Types of cartilage

Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage

Hyaline cartilage: Description and where?

-Clearer looking ground substance (glassy matrix) -Can’t see collagen fibers – can see chondrocytes -Found where joints come into contact; along respiratory tract; coastal cartilage of sternum

Fibrocartilage Description and where?

Dense collagen fibers in organized rows; organized cell rows pubic synthesis, between vertebrae, meniscus in any joint

Elastic cartilage: description and where?

Chaotic mesh of elastic fibers External ear; epiglottis

Number of cells versus extracellular matrix in connective tissue:

Extracellular matrix is bigger than number of cells