Exam 4 Study Flashcards

1
Q

 Which Motor proteins carry stuff away from the cell body in axonal transport?

A

Kinesins

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2
Q

Which motor proteins carry stuff back to the cell body in axonal transport?

A

Dyneins

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3
Q

Ion concentration of K+ in/out of cell

A

150mM/4mM

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4
Q

Concentration of Ca^2+ in/out of cell

A

.0001mM/2.5mM

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5
Q

Concentration of Na+ in/out of cell

A

20mM/145mM

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6
Q

Concentration of Cl- in/out of cell

A

7mM/150mM
Don’t forget that it is negatively charged!

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7
Q

Na+/K+ ATPase pump

A

3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in

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8
Q

What kind of channels open in a local potential?

A

Ligand gated channels

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9
Q

Speed of continuous conduction

A

2m/s

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10
Q

Speed of saltatory conduction

A

120 m/s

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11
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine
Amino acid
Monoamines
Neuropeptides

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12
Q

Which neurotransmitter is an amino acid?

A

GABA
Neuropeptides are chains of amino acids

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13
Q

Which neural transmitters are under the group monoamines? 

A

Serotonin
Histamine
Catecholamines:
-Epinephrine
-Norepinephrine
-Dopamine

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14
Q

Which kind of Neuro transmitters synapse with Adrenergic Receptors?

A

Catecholamines

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15
Q

What does GABA open? What happens?

A

GABA opens Cl- Channels, Cl- floods in cell
hyperpolarization

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16
Q

What you catecholamines trigger after they attach to adrenergic receptors?

A

G protein receptors activates cAMP and has downstream effects

17
Q

EPSP’s do what?

A

Excitatory; Na+ depolarize from increase of Na+ into cell

18
Q

IPSP’s do what?

A

Inhibitory, Hyperpolarize

19
Q

Presynaptic facilitation or inhibition is what?

A

Another neuron helps presynaptic neuron to fire or not fire.

20
Q

Muscle levels from outermost to innermost

A

Fascia
Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber
Myofibril
Sarcomere
Myofilaments

21
Q

Epimysium, Perimysium, Enomysium are located where in the muscle?

A

Epimysium: Directly Under facia Surrounding muscle
Perimysium: Surrounds fascicles
Epimysium: Surrounds muscle fiber

22
Q

Muscle fiber is made of what?

A

Made of myofibrils

23
Q

Myofibrils are made of what

A

Bundle of myofilaments

24
Q

Myofilaments are made of what?

A

Individual filaments

25
What is excitation – contraction coupling?
Second phase of muscle stimulation: AP goes down T tubules, DHR receptor is key that opens Ryanodine Receptor; Calcium released from SR at terminal cisterns
26
Nerve gas blocks what? What happens?
Blocks acetylcholinesterase Paralysis, death from asphyxiation
27
Botulinum toxin blocks what? does what?
Blocks acetyl choline released from axon terminals Paralysis
28
Clinical botulinum toxin helps
Helps overactive muscles Excessive gland activity Migraines Reduce wrinkles
29
Type one, slow oxidative fibers: Low what and high what? Abundant in two things:
Low myosin – ATPase activity High oxidative capacity Abundant mitochondria and myoglobin
30
Type 2B:fast- glycolytic fibers High in 2 things Color, how many ATP?
High myosin – ATPase activity High glycolytic activity White, 2 ATP
31
Myasthenia gravis Symptoms Causes Treatment
Symptoms: muscle fatigue and weakness that gets worse as muscle is used Cause: how do you mean destruction of nicotinic ACh– receptor proteins of motor end plate Treatment: AChE inhibitors
32
Rigor mortis symptoms, cause, diminishes
Hardening of muscles and Stiffness of body 3 to 4 hours after death Cause colon deterioration of SR releases calcium Muscles can’t relax until mile filaments decay Peaks at 12 hours, diminishes over 48–60 hours