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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch 12: Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

Ch 12: Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system

A

Control hub

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2
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

Nerves and ganglia outside brain and spinal column

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4
Q

PNS sensory division

A

Afferent division; Carries signals from dif receptors to CNS

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5
Q

Sensory division of PNS is divided into:

A

Visceral sensory division and
Somatic sensory division

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6
Q

Viscera

A

Body organs

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7
Q

Somatic

A

Skin, skeletal muscles, joints

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8
Q

PNS Motor division is divided into

A

Visceral motor division or autonomic nervous system which divides into sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Somatic motor division

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9
Q

ANS

A

Aka: Visceral motor division
Carries signals from CNS to effector;

Involuntary control

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

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10
Q

PNS sympathetic division

A

Fight or flight

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11
Q

PNS parasympathetic division

A

Rest and digest

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12
Q

PNS somatic motor division

A

Response to stimuli ; carry signal from CNS to gland/muscle

Voluntary muscle contraction

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13
Q

Nerves

A

Bundle of nerve fibers axons that are wrapped in fibrous connective tissues

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14
Q

Ganglia

A

Knot-like swelling And nerve weather cell bodies of peripheral neurons are located

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15
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

Stimuli—>Sensory—>CNS—>Effector—> until homeostasis 

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16
Q

Neuron

A

Major cell of nervous system; Response to environmental changes by transmitting signals in passing on electrical activity

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17
Q

Glial cells function

A

Maintain integrity of neural tissue
Provide protection
Increase conduction of nerves

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18
Q

Anatomy of neuron

A

Cell body/soma
Dendrites
Axon
Axon hillock
Terminal
Myelin sheath
Note of Ranvier

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19
Q

Dendrites

A

Tree like projections by cell body where receive signals from stimuli

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20
Q

Axon

A

long tail like extension of cell where electrical signal passes

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21
Q

Axon hillock

A

End of soma where action potential is triggered

22
Q

Axon terminal

A

End of axon where neurotransmitters are stored

23
Q

Myelin sheath

A

We are glial cells wraparound axon to insulate an increase Conductivity

24
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Gap in myelin sheath

25
Q

Ratio of glial to neural cells

A

10 to 1

26
Q

Glial cells of the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes


27
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Octopus like; arms wrapped around multiple CNS neurons: provide insulation and speed up conductivity

28
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Production and secretion of cerebral spinal fluid

29
Q

Microglia

A

Tiny macrophages; Get rid of debris/dead tissue/foreign Matter

30
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most abundant glial cell in CNS
-Has Periovascular feet that create blood/brain barrier
-monitors
Regulates blood flow
Provides nutrients
Removes waste
Regulatory composition
Protection and maintenance of environment

31
Q

Which glial cell helps create the blood brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes and their perioVascular feet that wrap around vasculature

32
Q

Glial cells of PNS

A

Schwann cells
Satellite cells

33
Q

Schwann cells

A

Wrap around one axon To make myelin sheath and neurilemma

34
Q

Satellite cells

A

Provide protection to someone in ganglia; regulate environment

35
Q

Axonal transport

A

Neuro transmitters get to terminals on microtubules carried by motor proteins:
Anterograde transport protein= kinesins
Retrograde transport protein=
Dyneins

36
Q

Afferent neuron

A

Sensory neurons that Send signals to CNS

37
Q

Interneurons

A

Intermediate communication in CNS

38
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Relay signal to effector from CNS

39
Q

Neural transmitters get to axon terminals on ______ Carried by____ _____

A

Microtubules
Motor proteins

40
Q

Motor proteins that carry cargo with Anterograde transport

A

Kinesins

41
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Away from CNS

42
Q

Motor proteins that carry cargo with retrograde transport

A

Dyneins

43
Q

Retrograde transport

A

back to CNS

44
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

Neuron releasing neurotransmitter

45
Q

Postsynaptic neuron

A

Neuron receiving signal

46
Q

What percentage of neurons died during development?

A

70%

47
Q

Plasticity

A

Allows neurons to continue to make new connections, memories, and learning (Prune, modify, and strengthen)

48
Q

Regeneration of damaged PNS nerve fiber can occur if:

A
  1. Soma is intact
  2. At least some neurilemma remains
49
Q

Steps of neural regeneration

A
  1. Exxon distal to injury degenerates
  2. Soma swells; Endoplasmic reticulum breaks up a nucleus moves off-center
  3. Axonstump sprouts
  4. Regeneration tube guides regrowth
50
Q

How long does neural regeneration take?

A

Slow; two years; may not be perfect or possible. 

51
Q

Can neurons in the CNS regenerate?

A

No, because they do not have Schwann cells

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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