Ch 12: Nervous System Overview

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Control hub

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

Nerves and ganglia outside brain and spinal column

Question 4

PNS sensory division

Answer 4

Afferent division; Carries signals from dif receptors to CNS

Question 5

Sensory division of PNS is divided into:

Answer 5

Visceral sensory division and
Somatic sensory division

Question 6

Viscera

Answer 6

Body organs

Question 7

Somatic

Answer 7

Skin, skeletal muscles, joints

Question 8

PNS Motor division is divided into

Answer 8

Visceral motor division or autonomic nervous system which divides into sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Somatic motor division

Question 9

ANS

Answer 9

Aka: Visceral motor division
Carries signals from CNS to effector;

Involuntary control

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

Question 10

PNS sympathetic division

Answer 10

Fight or flight

Question 11

PNS parasympathetic division

Answer 11

Rest and digest

Question 12

PNS somatic motor division

Answer 12

Response to stimuli ; carry signal from CNS to gland/muscle

Voluntary muscle contraction

Question 13

Nerves

Answer 13

Bundle of nerve fibers axons that are wrapped in fibrous connective tissues

Question 14

Ganglia

Answer 14

Knot-like swelling And nerve weather cell bodies of peripheral neurons are located

Question 15

Function of the nervous system

Answer 15

Stimuli—>Sensory—>CNS—>Effector—> until homeostasis 

Question 16

Neuron

Answer 16

Major cell of nervous system; Response to environmental changes by transmitting signals in passing on electrical activity

Question 17

Glial cells function

Answer 17

Maintain integrity of neural tissue
Provide protection
Increase conduction of nerves

Question 18

Anatomy of neuron

Answer 18

Cell body/soma
Dendrites
Axon
Axon hillock
Terminal
Myelin sheath
Note of Ranvier

Question 19

Dendrites

Answer 19

Tree like projections by cell body where receive signals from stimuli

Question 20

Axon

Answer 20

long tail like extension of cell where electrical signal passes

Question 21

Axon hillock

Answer 21

End of soma where action potential is triggered

Question 22

Axon terminal

Answer 22

End of axon where neurotransmitters are stored

Question 23

Myelin sheath

Answer 23

We are glial cells wraparound axon to insulate an increase Conductivity

Question 24

Node of Ranvier

Answer 24

Gap in myelin sheath

Question 25

Ratio of glial to neural cells

Answer 25

10 to 1

Question 26

Glial cells of the CNS

Answer 26

Oligodendrocytes Ependymal cells Astrocytes 

Question 27

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 27

Octopus like; arms wrapped around multiple CNS neurons: provide insulation and speed up conductivity

Question 28

Ependymal cells

Answer 28

Production and secretion of cerebral spinal fluid

Question 29

Microglia

Answer 29

Tiny macrophages; Get rid of debris/dead tissue/foreign Matter

Question 30

Astrocytes

Answer 30

Most abundant glial cell in CNS -Has Periovascular feet that create blood/brain barrier -monitors Regulates blood flow Provides nutrients Removes waste Regulatory composition Protection and maintenance of environment

Question 31

Which glial cell helps create the blood brain barrier?

Answer 31

Astrocytes and their perioVascular feet that wrap around vasculature

Question 32

Glial cells of PNS

Answer 32

Schwann cells Satellite cells

Question 33

Schwann cells

Answer 33

Wrap around one axon To make myelin sheath and neurilemma

Question 34

Satellite cells

Answer 34

Provide protection to someone in ganglia; regulate environment

Question 35

Axonal transport

Answer 35

Neuro transmitters get to terminals on microtubules carried by motor proteins: Anterograde transport protein= kinesins Retrograde transport protein= Dyneins

Question 36

Afferent neuron

Answer 36

Sensory neurons that Send signals to CNS

Question 37

Interneurons

Answer 37

Intermediate communication in CNS

Question 38

Efferent neurons

Answer 38

Relay signal to effector from CNS

Question 39

Neural transmitters get to axon terminals on ______ Carried by____ _____

Answer 39

Microtubules Motor proteins

Question 40

Motor proteins that carry cargo with Anterograde transport

Answer 40

Kinesins

Question 41

Anterograde transport

Answer 41

Away from CNS

Question 42

Motor proteins that carry cargo with retrograde transport

Answer 42

Dyneins

Question 43

Retrograde transport

Answer 43

back to CNS

Question 44

Presynaptic neuron

Answer 44

Neuron releasing neurotransmitter

Question 45

Postsynaptic neuron

Answer 45

Neuron receiving signal

Question 46

What percentage of neurons died during development?

Answer 46

70%

Question 47

Plasticity

Answer 47

Allows neurons to continue to make new connections, memories, and learning (Prune, modify, and strengthen)

Question 48

Regeneration of damaged PNS nerve fiber can occur if:

Answer 48

1. Soma is intact 2. At least some neurilemma remains

Question 49

Steps of neural regeneration

Answer 49

1. Exxon distal to injury degenerates 2. Soma swells; Endoplasmic reticulum breaks up a nucleus moves off-center 3. Axonstump sprouts 4. Regeneration tube guides regrowth

Question 50

How long does neural regeneration take?

Answer 50

Slow; two years; may not be perfect or possible. 

Question 51

Can neurons in the CNS regenerate?

Answer 51

No, because they do not have Schwann cells