Ch 6: Integumentary system: Skin And Glands Flashcards
Integumentary system
System of tissues including:
Hair
Skin
Nails
Cutaneous glands
The skin is the _____organ of the body
Largest 
Layers of the skin
Epidermidis (epithelial tissue)
Dermis (various connective tissue)
Thick skin: where? Stratified corneum is____. What does it NOT have?
On palms and soles of feet
Stratified corneum is thick
No hair/oil glands
Thin skin
Found everywhere else not palms or feet soles
Thin stratified corneum
Has sweat/hair/oil glands
Six functions of the skin
- Resistance to trauma and infection
- Barrier to water
- Vitamin D synthesis
- Sensation
- Thermoregulation
- Nonverbal communication
Thermal regulation function simple
Retaining heat or heat loss
Thermoregulation when hot:
-Sweat glands active
-Heat loss by evaporation
-Muscle relaxed; hairs lie on surface
-Blood vessels dilating
Thermoregulation when cold:
– Sweating reduced
– contraction of muscles cause hair to stand
– blood vessels constricting
Epidermidis is what kind of epithelium?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Is epidermal vascular or avascular?
Avascular; receives nutrients and dispose of waste through interaction with dermis
Exfoliation
Sloughing off of top layer; rapid regeneration underneath
6 Cell types of the epidermis
Living keratinocytes
Dead keratinocytes
Dendritic cells
Melanocytes
Stem cells
Tactile cells
Living keratinocytes
Epidermal cells that produce keratin
Dead keratinocytes
Contribute to keratin for protection
Dendritic cells
Immune cells; protect against pathogens – phagocytosis ones that try to break through barrier
Melanocytes
Synthesize melanin in deepest part of epidermidis
Melanin
provide skin tone and help shield from UV radiation
Stem cells
Undifferentiated; give rise to keratinocytes and continually repopulate amount of keratinocytes in our tissues
Tactile cells
Touch receptors; Can since change in pressure and vibration
Epidermal layers
Deep to superficial
1. Stratum Basale
2.  Stratum Spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
5. Stratum corneum
Stratum basale: what kind of cells and what happens?
Stem cells and early living keratinocytes; constant mitosis
Stratum Spinosa
Thickest layer; layers of keratinocytes with sprinkles of dendritic cells
Stratum granulosum
Keratinocytes become granular cells which help with protection against water and prevent fluid loss
Stratum lucidum
Only in thick skin
Additional layer under stratum corneum for extra padding
Stratum corneum
Made of flat, dead, scaly, hard keratinicized Cells; durable for protection
The dermis is made of _____.
Supplied with _______.
Base of_______.
Irregular dense connective tissue
Blood, nerves, cutaneous glands
Hair follicles and nail roots
Layers of dermis:
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
Dermal papillae
Upper part of wave in the Wave-like structures
Epidermal ridges
Bottom part of the wave in the wave-like structure
Papillary zone
Contains dermal papillae
Reticular zone
Deeper part not interacting with epidermidis; Provides cushioning and support
What is in the reticular zone?
Hair roots, nail roots, blood supply, glands
Epidermidis attached to connective tissue via
Basement membrane
Is the hypodermis part of skin tissue?
NO. It is areolar and adipose tissue for insulation And support
Melanocytes
Produce brown to blackish pigment called melanin; Helps to provide coloration through keratinocytes
Melanin
helps to absorb UV rays and provide a little bit of protection
How do you tan?
Hot summer day
Increasing UV radiation
Trigger Melanocytes to produce more melanin
What affects coloration of skin do to vascularization
Blood supply and hemoglobin
Heme
Red pigment factor in hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
Protein in red blood cells
Role of glands; what system; where are they?
Secretion and excretion
Endocrine system
Glands near organs
Endocrine glands
Glands or organs which secrete their substance into the body; hormones
Exocrine glands
Secrete outside the body via ducts
Ex: Sweat, sebaceous oil
Some organs have both
Endocrine and exocrine functions
Types of glands
Serous glands
Mucosal glands
Mixed glands
Serous glands made of and secretions
Made of serous tissue and serous fluid
Secretions typically more watery in structure; Ex: sweat glands
Mucosal glands structure and function
Have goblet cells that secrete mucus
Helps with movement, preventing abrasion, and trapping pathogens
Mixed glands
Mucosal and serous
Five kinds of cutaneous glands
- Eccrine sweat glands
- Apocrine sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Ceruminous glands
- Mammory glands
Apocrine sweat glands us where?
Groin, anal region, axilla, areola, beards
Found a long hair follicle
Apocrine sweat gland function
Secrete fatty sweat into hair follicle
Apocrine sweat glands stimulated when
Puberty
Emotional stress
Eccrine sweat glands found where
All over body
Eccrine sweat gland function
Released directly to surface of skin for cooling
Specialized myoepithelial cells
Myo= contract and relax
Activate released through sympathetic nervous system
Sebaceous glands
Secreted along hair follicle oily substance called sebum
Lubrication of hair follicle, skin, and hair
Ceruminous glands Where, what make, purpose
Modified sebaceous glands that make cerumen (earwax)
Found in ear
Protects against pathogens and Lubricates

Mammory glands
Found in breast tissue; secrete milk Through ducts
Present in male and female more developed in female after puberty
