Ch 6: Integumentary system: Skin And Glands

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

System of tissues including:
Hair
Skin
Nails
Cutaneous glands

Question 2

The skin is the _____organ of the body

Answer 2

Largest 

Question 3

Layers of the skin

Answer 3

Epidermidis (epithelial tissue)
Dermis (various connective tissue)

Question 4

Thick skin: where? Stratified corneum is____. What does it NOT have?

Answer 4

On palms and soles of feet
Stratified corneum is thick
No hair/oil glands

Question 5

Thin skin

Answer 5

Found everywhere else not palms or feet soles
Thin stratified corneum
Has sweat/hair/oil glands

Question 6

Six functions of the skin

Answer 6

1. Resistance to trauma and infection
2. Barrier to water
3. Vitamin D synthesis
4. Sensation
5. Thermoregulation
6. Nonverbal communication

Question 7

Thermal regulation function simple

Answer 7

Retaining heat or heat loss

Question 8

Thermoregulation when hot:

Answer 8

-Sweat glands active
-Heat loss by evaporation
-Muscle relaxed; hairs lie on surface
-Blood vessels dilating

Question 9

Thermoregulation when cold:

Answer 9

– Sweating reduced
– contraction of muscles cause hair to stand
– blood vessels constricting

Question 10

Epidermidis is what kind of epithelium?

Answer 10

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

Is epidermal vascular or avascular?

Answer 11

Avascular; receives nutrients and dispose of waste through interaction with dermis

Question 12

Exfoliation

Answer 12

Sloughing off of top layer; rapid regeneration underneath

Question 13

6 Cell types of the epidermis

Answer 13

Living keratinocytes
Dead keratinocytes
Dendritic cells
Melanocytes
Stem cells
Tactile cells

Question 14

Living keratinocytes

Answer 14

Epidermal cells that produce keratin

Question 15

Dead keratinocytes

Answer 15

Contribute to keratin for protection

Question 16

Dendritic cells

Answer 16

Immune cells; protect against pathogens – phagocytosis ones that try to break through barrier

Question 17

Melanocytes

Answer 17

Synthesize melanin in deepest part of epidermidis

Question 18

Melanin

Answer 18

provide skin tone and help shield from UV radiation

Question 19

Stem cells

Answer 19

Undifferentiated; give rise to keratinocytes and continually repopulate amount of keratinocytes in our tissues

Question 20

Tactile cells

Answer 20

Touch receptors; Can since change in pressure and vibration

Question 21

Epidermal layers

Answer 21

Deep to superficial
1. Stratum Basale
2.  Stratum Spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
5. Stratum corneum

Question 22

Stratum basale: what kind of cells and what happens?

Answer 22

Stem cells and early living keratinocytes; constant mitosis

Question 23

Stratum Spinosa

Answer 23

Thickest layer; layers of keratinocytes with sprinkles of dendritic cells

Question 24

Stratum granulosum

Answer 24

Keratinocytes become granular cells which help with protection against water and prevent fluid loss

Question 25

Stratum lucidum

Answer 25

Only in thick skin Additional layer under stratum corneum for extra padding

Question 26

Stratum corneum

Answer 26

Made of flat, dead, scaly, hard keratinicized Cells; durable for protection

Question 27

The dermis is made of _____. Supplied with _______. Base of_______.

Answer 27

Irregular dense connective tissue Blood, nerves, cutaneous glands Hair follicles and nail roots

Question 28

Layers of dermis:

Answer 28

1. Papillary layer 2. Reticular layer

Question 29

Dermal papillae

Answer 29

Upper part of wave in the Wave-like structures

Question 30

Epidermal ridges

Answer 30

Bottom part of the wave in the wave-like structure

Question 31

Papillary zone

Answer 31

Contains dermal papillae

Question 32

Reticular zone

Answer 32

Deeper part not interacting with epidermidis; Provides cushioning and support

Question 33

What is in the reticular zone?

Answer 33

Hair roots, nail roots, blood supply, glands

Question 34

Epidermidis attached to connective tissue via

Answer 34

Basement membrane

Question 35

Is the hypodermis part of skin tissue?

Answer 35

NO. It is areolar and adipose tissue for insulation And support

Question 36

Melanocytes

Answer 36

Produce brown to blackish pigment called melanin; Helps to provide coloration through keratinocytes

Question 37

Melanin

Answer 37

helps to absorb UV rays and provide a little bit of protection

Question 38

How do you tan?

Answer 38

Hot summer day Increasing UV radiation Trigger Melanocytes to produce more melanin

Question 39

What affects coloration of skin do to vascularization

Answer 39

Blood supply and hemoglobin

Question 40

Heme

Answer 40

Red pigment factor in hemoglobin

Question 41

Hemoglobin

Answer 41

Protein in red blood cells

Question 42

Role of glands; what system; where are they?

Answer 42

Secretion and excretion Endocrine system Glands near organs

Question 43

Endocrine glands

Answer 43

Glands or organs which secrete their substance into the body; hormones

Question 44

Exocrine glands

Answer 44

Secrete outside the body via ducts Ex: Sweat, sebaceous oil

Question 45

Some organs have both

Answer 45

Endocrine and exocrine functions

Question 46

Types of glands

Answer 46

Serous glands Mucosal glands Mixed glands

Question 47

Serous glands made of and secretions

Answer 47

Made of serous tissue and serous fluid Secretions typically more watery in structure; Ex: sweat glands

Question 48

Mucosal glands structure and function

Answer 48

Have goblet cells that secrete mucus Helps with movement, preventing abrasion, and trapping pathogens

Question 49

Mixed glands

Answer 49

Mucosal and serous

Question 50

Five kinds of cutaneous glands

Answer 50

1. Eccrine sweat glands 2. Apocrine sweat glands 3. Sebaceous glands 4. Ceruminous glands 5. Mammory glands

Question 51

Apocrine sweat glands us where?

Answer 51

Groin, anal region, axilla, areola, beards Found a long hair follicle

Question 52

Apocrine sweat gland function

Answer 52

Secrete fatty sweat into hair follicle

Question 53

Apocrine sweat glands stimulated when

Answer 53

Puberty Emotional stress

Question 54

Eccrine sweat glands found where

Answer 54

All over body

Question 55

Eccrine sweat gland function

Answer 55

Released directly to surface of skin for cooling

Question 56

Specialized myoepithelial cells

Answer 56

Myo= contract and relax Activate released through sympathetic nervous system

Question 57

Sebaceous glands

Answer 57

Secreted along hair follicle oily substance called sebum Lubrication of hair follicle, skin, and hair

Question 58

Ceruminous glands Where, what make, purpose

Answer 58

Modified sebaceous glands that make cerumen (earwax) Found in ear Protects against pathogens and Lubricates 

Question 59

Mammory glands

Answer 59

Found in breast tissue; secrete milk Through ducts Present in male and female more developed in female after puberty