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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch 3, 3.3 > Flashcards

Ch 3, 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

Plasma membrane will allow some things in and not other things

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2
Q

Permeable molecules

A

1.Small, nonpolar molecules:
02, CO2, N2
2. Small, uncharged polar molecules (semi permeable):
Glucose IS permeable, Sucrose is NOT

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3
Q

Non-permeable molecules

A
  1. Ions:
    Cl- K+ Na+
  2. Large Polar molecules (semi permeable):
    Glucose IS permeable, Sucrose is NOT
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4
Q

Passive transport

A

No energy required; move down their gradient

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5
Q

Active transport

A

ATP are required; move up the gradient

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6
Q

Types of passive transport

A
  1. Simple diffusion
  2. Filtration
  3. Osmosis
  4. Facilitated diffusion*
  • Carrier-mediated transport
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7
Q

Types of active transport

A
  1. Primary active transport*
  2. Secondary active transport*
  3. Vesicular transport
  • Carrier-mediated transport
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8
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Molecules that can pass through the selectively permeable membrane
High—> Low Concentration

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9
Q

Diffusion rates

A

The rate at which molecules go across the membrane

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10
Q

5 Factors that affect diffusion rates

A

1. Temperature (kinetic energy): >temp= >rate
2. Molecular weight: > weight=
3. Difference in concentrations: >dif=>rate
4. Membrane surface area: >SA=>rate
5. Membrane permeability: >permeable= >rate

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive transport; net flow of water:
>H2O—>to lower H2O

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12
Q

Osmosis is dependent on what?

A

Number of solute dissolved in water; more solute equals lower water concentration

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13
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water channels on plasma membrane

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14
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure exerted from a fluid on a membrane

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15
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

-Hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis from happening;
-Regulates movement of fluid across membrane

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16
Q

What is reverse osmosis used in ?

A

Water purification

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17
Q

Osmolarity is measured in what

A

mOsm/L
Mili osmols per liter

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18
Q

Osmolarity concentration

A

How many solutes are dissolved per liter of water; higher Molarity= more solids dissolved

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19
Q

Hyperosmotic side of membrane

A

> solute Concentration
< water concentration

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20
Q

Hypoosmotic side of membrane

A

Greater water concentration, less solute concentration

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21
Q

Water movement in osmosis:

A

hyperosmotic side—> hypoosmotic side.;
Low H20 to High H20

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22
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to effect fluid volume and pressure within a cell

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23
Q

Hypertonic : what is it and what does it do to a cell?

A

> solute concentration outside than inside cell; < water concentration.

Cell shrinks/shrivels

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24
Q

Hypotonic

A

water concentration higher and lower solute concentration
-water moves inside cell it swells

25
Lyses
Too much water inside the cell and cell pops
26
Isotonic
-Equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of cell -Water moves at equilibrium: no change in Cell size 
27
Filtration
Water and solids move from high pressure to low pressure
28
Facilitated diffusion
>concentration to < concentration with help Passive Carrier-mediated transport In which proteins in membrane carry solute into or out of cell /organelle
29
Facilitated diffusion limitation
Solute has to bind and be released
30
Carrier – mediated transport
Salute binds to carrier and is transported in and out of cell
31
Carrier– mediated transport specificity
Transport proteins are specific for particular solutes 
32
Carrier – mediated transport salute is called a what?
Ligand
33
Carrier-mediated transport process
-Ligand binds to receptor site on carrier proteins -Then released unchanged on other side of membrane
34
Carrier saturation: as salute concentration _____ its rate of transport _____, but only up to a point.
As salute concentration rises, its rate of transport increases, but only up to a point
35
Transport maximum rate
All seats are taken on the bus; carriers are saturated and transport maximum rate is met Seen in facilitated diffusion and active transport
36
Types of carriers:
1. Uniport 2. Symport 3. Antiport
37
Uniport carrier
Carries only one type of solute
38
Cotransport
Process that moves two or more solids through the membrane simultaneously in the same direction
39
Symport
Carrier proteins that performs cotransport
40
Antiport
The carrier proteins for countertransport
41
Countertransport
Moving two or more solutes in opposite directions across the membrane
42
Active transport
Requires ATP UP gradient (low—>high concentration)
43
What are Protein carriers and 2 examples:
Helps Things that won’t typically move across membranes such as ions Ex: Ca^2+ pump Na^+/K pump
44
Sodium-Potassium ATPase Pump cycle consumes ____ and exchanges ____for____.
One pump cycle consumes one ATP Exchanges 3 Na+ for 2 K+
45
Purpose of sodium – potassium ATPase pump
Keeps K+ concentration higher and Na+ concentration lower within the cell then in the extracellular fluid
46
Why is the sodium – potassium ATPase pump necessary?
-Sodium and potassium constantly leak through membrane. -Important for membrane potential
47
Secondary active transport
Indirect use of ATP to get solutes across entire cell (apical-basal or basal- apical)
48
Vesicular transport
Moves large molecules across membrane in vesicle
49
Vesicles
“Bubbles“ of membrane
50
Two major types of vesicular transport
1. Exocytosis 2. Endocytosis
51
Endocytosis
Bringing things into a cell
52
Types of endocytosis
1. Pinocytosis 2. Phagocytosis 3. Receptor – mediated endocytosis
53
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking: Smaller molecules taking in droplets of extra cellular fluid
54
Phagocytosis
Cell “eating“: Consuming larger particles
55
Receptor – mediated endocytosis
Molecule will bind to receptor which causes cell to engulf said molecule. Creates a vesicle in the cell
56
Exocytosis
Release material from inside the cell to outside the cell
57
Secretory Vesicle
Exosomes turns into secretory vesicle Then binds to plasma membrane and fuses and releases its components
58
Exocytosis is seen in what?
Protein packing and secretion; release of neurotransmitters
59
Transcytosis
-Receptor-mediated endocytosis and then Exocytosis -Transport of material across cell by Capturing it on one side and releasing it on the other

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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