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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch 3, 3.3 > Flashcards

Ch 3, 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

Plasma membrane will allow some things in and not other things

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2
Q

Permeable molecules

A

1.Small, nonpolar molecules:
02, CO2, N2
2. Small, uncharged polar molecules (semi permeable):
Glucose IS permeable, Sucrose is NOT

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3
Q

Non-permeable molecules

A
  1. Ions:
    Cl- K+ Na+
  2. Large Polar molecules (semi permeable):
    Glucose IS permeable, Sucrose is NOT
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4
Q

Passive transport

A

No energy required; move down their gradient

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5
Q

Active transport

A

ATP are required; move up the gradient

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6
Q

Types of passive transport

A
  1. Simple diffusion
  2. Filtration
  3. Osmosis
  4. Facilitated diffusion*
  • Carrier-mediated transport
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7
Q

Types of active transport

A
  1. Primary active transport*
  2. Secondary active transport*
  3. Vesicular transport
  • Carrier-mediated transport
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8
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Molecules that can pass through the selectively permeable membrane
High—> Low Concentration

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9
Q

Diffusion rates

A

The rate at which molecules go across the membrane

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10
Q

5 Factors that affect diffusion rates

A

1. Temperature (kinetic energy): >temp= >rate
2. Molecular weight: > weight=
3. Difference in concentrations: >dif=>rate
4. Membrane surface area: >SA=>rate
5. Membrane permeability: >permeable= >rate

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive transport; net flow of water:
>H2O—>to lower H2O

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12
Q

Osmosis is dependent on what?

A

Number of solute dissolved in water; more solute equals lower water concentration

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13
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water channels on plasma membrane

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14
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure exerted from a fluid on a membrane

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15
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

-Hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis from happening;
-Regulates movement of fluid across membrane

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16
Q

What is reverse osmosis used in ?

A

Water purification

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17
Q

Osmolarity is measured in what

A

mOsm/L
Mili osmols per liter

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18
Q

Osmolarity concentration

A

How many solutes are dissolved per liter of water; higher Molarity= more solids dissolved

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19
Q

Hyperosmotic side of membrane

A

> solute Concentration
< water concentration

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20
Q

Hypoosmotic side of membrane

A

Greater water concentration, less solute concentration

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21
Q

Water movement in osmosis:

A

hyperosmotic side—> hypoosmotic side.;
Low H20 to High H20

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22
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to effect fluid volume and pressure within a cell

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23
Q

Hypertonic : what is it and what does it do to a cell?

A

> solute concentration outside than inside cell; < water concentration.

Cell shrinks/shrivels

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24
Q

Hypotonic

A

water concentration higher and lower solute concentration
-water moves inside cell it swells

25
Q

Lyses

A

Too much water inside the cell and cell pops

26
Q

Isotonic

A

-Equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of cell
-Water moves at equilibrium: no change in Cell size 

27
Q

Filtration

A

Water and solids move from high pressure to low pressure

28
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

> concentration to < concentration with help

Passive Carrier-mediated transport In which proteins in membrane carry solute into or out of cell /organelle

29
Q

Facilitated diffusion limitation

A

Solute has to bind and be released

30
Q

Carrier – mediated transport

A

Salute binds to carrier and is transported in and out of cell

31
Q

Carrier– mediated transport specificity

A

Transport proteins are specific for particular solutes 

32
Q

Carrier – mediated transport salute is called a what?

A

Ligand

33
Q

Carrier-mediated transport process

A

-Ligand binds to receptor site on carrier proteins
-Then released unchanged on other side of membrane

34
Q

Carrier saturation: as salute concentration _____ its rate of transport _____, but only up to a point.

A

As salute concentration rises, its rate of transport increases, but only up to a point

35
Q

Transport maximum rate

A

All seats are taken on the bus; carriers are saturated and transport maximum rate is met

Seen in facilitated diffusion and active transport

36
Q

Types of carriers:

A
  1. Uniport
  2. Symport
  3. Antiport
37
Q

Uniport carrier

A

Carries only one type of solute

38
Q

Cotransport

A

Process that moves two or more solids through the membrane simultaneously in the same direction

39
Q

Symport

A

Carrier proteins that performs cotransport

40
Q

Antiport

A

The carrier proteins for countertransport

41
Q

Countertransport

A

Moving two or more solutes in opposite directions across the membrane

42
Q

Active transport

A

Requires ATP
UP gradient (low—>high concentration)

43
Q

What are Protein carriers and 2 examples:

A

Helps Things that won’t typically move across membranes such as ions
Ex: Ca^2+ pump
Na^+/K pump

44
Q

Sodium-Potassium ATPase Pump cycle consumes ____ and exchanges ____for____.

A

One pump cycle consumes one ATP
Exchanges 3 Na+ for 2 K+

45
Q

Purpose of sodium – potassium ATPase pump

A

Keeps K+ concentration higher and Na+ concentration lower within the cell then in the extracellular fluid

46
Q

Why is the sodium – potassium ATPase pump necessary?

A

-Sodium and potassium constantly leak through membrane.
-Important for membrane potential

47
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Indirect use of ATP to get solutes across entire cell (apical-basal or basal- apical)

48
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Moves large molecules across membrane in vesicle

49
Q

Vesicles

A

“Bubbles“ of membrane

50
Q

Two major types of vesicular transport

A
  1. Exocytosis
  2. Endocytosis
51
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bringing things into a cell

52
Q

Types of endocytosis

A
  1. Pinocytosis
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Receptor – mediated endocytosis
53
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking:

Smaller molecules taking in droplets of extra cellular fluid

54
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell “eating“:

Consuming larger particles

55
Q

Receptor – mediated endocytosis

A

Molecule will bind to receptor which causes cell to engulf said molecule. Creates a vesicle in the cell

56
Q

Exocytosis

A

Release material from inside the cell to outside the cell

57
Q

Secretory Vesicle

A

Exosomes turns into secretory vesicle Then binds to plasma membrane and fuses and releases its components

58
Q

Exocytosis is seen in what?

A

Protein packing and secretion; release of neurotransmitters

59
Q

Transcytosis

A

-Receptor-mediated endocytosis and then Exocytosis
-Transport of material across cell by Capturing it on one side and releasing it on the other

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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