Ch 3 3.4 Flashcards
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filament/tubules that:
– support cell
– determine shape
– organize Content
– move materials in cell
– help with cell motility
Three major parts of cytoskeleton
- Microfilaments
2.Intermediate filaments - Microtubules
Microfilaments: description (size and protein)
Thin filaments made up of the protein actin
6 nm thick
Microfilaments function:
Provide physical support
Can be branched
Form terminal web
Microfilaments example:
Microvilli
Intermediate filaments description: size and protein
Made up of a variety of proteins like keratin
8 to 10 nm thick
Intermediate filaments function:
Provides cell shape
Resist outside forces
Intermediate filaments example:
Nuclear lamina
Microtubules description
-Cylindrical Protofilaments made up of protein tubulin
-Motor proteins move along microtubules
-25 nm thick
Microtubules  Function
-Maintain cell shape/hold organelles
-Act as tracks for motor proteins
Microtubules examples
-Axonemes of cilia and flagella
-Mitotic spindle
Membranous organelles
– Nucleus
– mitochondria
– lysosomes
– peroxisome’s
– endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi complex
Non-membranous organelles
– Ribosomes
– centrosomes
–Centrioles
–Basal bodies
Nucleus function and and what’s in it
Function : Holds genetic information in chromatin
Structure: Nuclear envelope and nuclear pores
Nuclear lamina
Nucleolus
Nuclear lamina made of what it does what?
Intermediate filaments that support membrane
Nucleolus
Tiny organelle inside of nucleus that produces ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Function: protein modification and creation of phospholipids
Structure continuous with nuclear membrane; has interconnected channels called cisterns; studded with ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Function: detoxification and steroid synthesis
Structure: no ribosomes; membranous projection outside of nucleus; interconnected channels called cisterns
Ribosomes
Function: protein synthesis
Structure: free or embedded
Golgi apparatus/complex
Function: Helps make secretory vesicles and lysosomes (Golgi vesicles)
Structure: sac-like cisterns stacked
Stuff travels through Cys face —>trans face (sis maturation)
Lysosomes: function and structure
-Function: Break down organelles/molecules/recycling; autophagy Through phagocytosis; aid in apoptosis
-Structure: package of enzymes and very acidic
Autofagy
Cleaning up inside cell
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death (in lysosome)
Peroxisomes: 3 functions and structure
Function:
-help oxidize Organic molecules
-Neutralize free radicals and detox from drugs
-Breakdown fatty acids
Structure: major component is hydrogen peroxide
Proteasomes
Function: break down proteins
Mitochondria
Function: synthesize ATP
Structure: double membranous
Cristae
Matrix
Has its own mtDNA
Mitochondria cristae
Internal infoldings of mitochondria to help increase surface area for more ATP generation area
Matrix
Space inside mitochondria
mtDNA allows mitochondria to do what?
allows it to create necessary proteins needed for its electron transport chain and maintain integrity of mitochondria
Endosymbiotic theory
Larger cell engulfed a smaller bacterial cell that was able to function inside larger cell. Symbiotic relationship. Smaller cell lost functions over time and became more specific while mtDNA and ability to replicate stayed
Evidence of Endo symbiotic theory (4)
- Mitochondrial ribosomes resemble bacterial ribosomes
- mtDNA Resembles circular DNA of bacteria
- mtDNA inherited through mother
4. mtDNA mutates more rapidly than nuclear DNA (ever-changing)
Centrioles
– Play large role in cell division
– organizing center for microtubules
– help make centrosome
