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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Ch 14: CNS: Brain > Flashcards

Ch 14: CNS: Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral

A

Front most part, towards the nose or forehead

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2
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail/ spinal cord, down

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3
Q

Sulci

A

Ridges in brain

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4
Q

Gyri

A

Thick folds

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5
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Divides right and left hemisphere

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6
Q

Cerebrum

A

Higher order processing and key nerved tracks for sensory and motor function.
Important features:
-Gyri and sulci
-Longitudinal fissure
-Corpus callosum

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Large part in background functions. Second largest part of the brain, but over 50% of its neurons. Arbor vitae

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8
Q

Brainstem

A

Inferior to cerebellum, extends to spinal cord.
Includes:
– diencephalon
– midbrain
– pons
– medulla oblongata

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9
Q

Gray matter includes what? Where?

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, and synapse.
Cerebral cortex on top and nuclei deeper in brain

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10
Q

White matter is where and has what?

A

Lies deep to gray matter
Princess of neuronal tracts (Bundles of axons)
White because of myelination on axons


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11
Q

Layers of meninges from Superficial to deep

A

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

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12
Q

Meningitis: cause, result, symptoms, diagnosis

A
  • Bacterial or viral invasion of CNS through nose and throat.
    -Can cause swelling of brain, enlargement of ventricles, and hemorrhage
    -High fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, intense headache. Coma then death fast
    -Diagnosis obtained CSF from lumbar puncture
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13
Q

First and second ventricles

A

Two lateral ventricles form arc in each hemisphere. CSF passes into next ventricle through interventricular foramen

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14
Q

Third ventricle

A

Narrow medial space Beneath corpus callosum

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15
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Small triangular chamber between pons and cerebellum; from there goes into spinal cord

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16
Q

What kind of cells produce cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

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17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Clearing coldest with liquid that sells ventricles of CNS and washes over brain and tissues

18
Q

Purpose of cerebral spinal fluid

A

Buoyancy
Protection
Cleanse

19
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid flows continuously through the CNS, driven by what?

A

It’s own pressure gradient
Beating of Ependymal cilia
Call stations of the brain produced by each heartbeat

20
Q

Blood brain barrier in brain Consists of:

A

Tight junctions between endothelial cells on blood vessels.
Assisted by astrocytes

21
Q

Blood brain barrier is highly permeable to what?

A

Water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, anesthetics, alcohol

22
Q

Blood brain barrier has a little bit of permeability to what?

A

Sodium and potassium

23
Q

Drug delivery for Parkinson’s: L – Dopa

A

Dopamine can’t pass through BBB, but L – dopa can, then converts to dopamine

24
Q

Components of brainstem

A
  1. Diencephalon Above Brainstem
  2. Midbrain
    3. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
    
25
Q

Diencephalon: where? What’s in it?

A

Enclosed is third ventricle, right above brainstem; works directly with cerebrum
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Pineal gland

26
Q

Thalamus: where and what?

A

Mass right above brainstem.
Relay station made lots of nuclei with that process and relay information

27
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Major homeostatic control mechanisms: controls a NS, emotional response, temperature, eating habits, water balance, sleep/wake, endocrine

28
Q

Pineal gland (epithalamus)

A

Very small part of tissue
Controls many endocrine functions

29
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Lots of different neuronal tracts that pass into spinal cord go through here.
Signal goes from Cerebrum, through diencephalon, through medulla oblongata

30
Q

Pons

A

Middle part of brain stem, some sensory cranial nerves come through here

31
Q

Purkinje cells

A

Have lots of dendrites and they can receive lots of signaling input

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

-Motor coordination and muscle contraction.
-Sensory, linguistic, emotional, and other non-motor functions
-Sense of time

33
Q

Cerebral Tracts extend into

A

Spinal column; help with ability to sense things and command movement

34
Q

Three kinds of cerebral tracts

A
  1. Projection
  2. Commissural
    3. Association
35
Q

Projection tracts

A

Carry info from cerebrum to other parts of body , Or from other parts of body to the cerebrum

36
Q

Commissural tracts

A

Go from one hemisphere to another, OR
anterior to posterior/posterior to anterior

37
Q

Association tracts

A

Go to same side of hemisphere, different part

38
Q

Limbic system

A

Part of cerebrum in forebrain.
Primary components:
- cingulate gyrus
– hippocampus
– amygdala

39
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Arches over corpus callosum in frontal and parietal lobes

40
Q

Hippocampus

A

And medial temporal lobe; memory functions
Pain and pleasure

41
Q

Amygdala

A

Immediately rostral to hippocampus
Emotion functions
Pain and pleasure

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (45 decks)

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