Histroy (Conservatives) Flashcards
The advantages of protectionism?
Income from import duties can be used on social reform. (incoem from import duties could be spent on old-age pensions)
Britain should help boost other british economies to strenghen the empire (encourage more emigration), south africa gold mines were worked on by chinese slaves
unfair competition
Taxes would help update British machinery
Many British compeuitotrs were increasing tarrifs- Britianh should too
Disadvantages of protectionism?
Would the money be sued on social reform?
Was the empire strong- costly and cruel Boer War-40% of volunteers unfit for service
Britian was doing fine as a great trading nation
Would farerms beenfit- imperial preference would mean New Zealand lamb entering the country, farmers would lose out
Brtain was alreadya agreat trading nation- protectionsim meant price increases
What did Joseph Chamberlin want with the inrtocution of imperial preference and protectionism?
increase taxes on all goods coming from outside Britain (protectionism)
Imperial prefernce- import taxes on goods coming from outside British empire
Fre trade was… by people
liked- meant properity and cheap food so imperial preference was risky
when did Chamberlian make the speech about protectionism?
may 1903
what were the problems for induitry ariound this time?
plant and machienry being outdated
usa and germany stteel production overtaking Britain
Tarrifs on british goods
What was the result ont hen Conservative Party?
Divided between those who supported it and those who didn’t
Chamberlain resigned to campaign full-time fior protectionsimj
Churchill deflected to the Liberals (advocates of free trade)
What was the public reaction?
Strong oppostin- favourd free trade
Balfour’s ompromsiee?
retalistion- governemtn would threaten to introcduce soem taxes on countries that taxed british goods
Double election pledge- if they won the next election they would work out a schem fro imeprial preference but only go through with it if public approved
What were Balfour’s reasons for national efficeny?
Balfour- complied with the need obvious after Boer War
What was Chamberlain’s for protectionsim?
help decline of British trade
Te OCnservatives ahd kept governemt for..?
most of the 1890s and first five years till 1905
Why did Conservatives stay in power for 11 years [ 4 reasons]
skillful leader- Lord Salisbury (most of 1890s)
adapted polciies- small single- memebr constuitencies (pockets of middle-class voterra)
widen appeal to middle class working class (Liberals)
change traditonal policies
propoganda professiianl agents
Why were the Liberals so divided in 1890s?
- divided abouit aims/pbjectives
- most fiancies gone to COnservtaive Party wityh LIberal Unionists
What was the cause of the Boer War?
discovered gold in Traansvaal
Chmaberlain thought Britian had supremacy-needed it
khaki election - 1900- intially popular
slightly reduced majority
what was the result of it?
British oppsotion- questioned morality of it
concentration camps- barbaric
40% of men unfit to fight
huighyl trained army agaisnt farmers- incompetance of governement
Balfour’s Reforms?
Miliatary reofrm act- reorgansied army, buiklt dreadnoughts
benefits: army needed reorgansiation showed in ww1
problems: too late- against the idea of a great british empire
1902 Education Act?
all education was placed under borough councils, rate support for Anglican schools
good: landmark piece of legislaion>future
problems: not appreciated by this goverment- effects not seen yet
non-comformsits didn’t like anglican part
1903 Wyndhams Land Purchase Act?
irish tenants could buy back their land at low-interest loans
good:
british landowners to gwet out of invetments wiothout losing face
bad: overshadowed by wyndham’s flirtation of gioving gretaer freedom to Ireland-upset unionists
1904 Liscensign Act?
su[premacy pubs/breweries shut down
good: showed torries cared about people
bad: alienated drinkign workers/wasn[t enough for non-comfomriasts
1905 Workmen’s Act?
labour exchanges ste up
good:
directly inspired 1909 Labour Exhanges Act
landmark- brekaing of laissez-faire
bad: little credit was ggven to governemtn since it didn;t provide any money-just identified the problem
1904 Anglo-French Treaty
treaty- compormsies of land good: secured freindship/trust bad: more imperial prefernce- hated
Why wasn’t Balfiru a good leader?
agaisnt democracy]
wouldn’t listen to public
What was Balfour’s insensitiyivity about the chinese slavery affair?
Chinses were being used as slaves in gold mines
Milner wanted to revive african economy-let it
Chamberlain-agianst it but he ahd resigned
Public were furoisu
-slavery whipped and chained up
-against principle of labour
-Boer war- just been fought for gold
-took white jobs
Balfour ignored public reaciton and carried on with it
What were balfiur’s other mistakes?
taff Vale- denying worker’s right to strike>LRC beign set up in 1900
Tarriff Reofrm- failed to se it would result in electoal diaster (didn’t duatanc ehimself from Chamberlain and introuced it anyway)
Asquith’s big loaf, little loaf (common man understood)
why did Liberals start to reunite?
As COnservtives wer elsojg support- deply divided- Chamebrlain took control of NAtional Union
Liberals unite dovwer pro-free trade, even if divied on Home Rule
What dud Bakfiur hope to achive with hsu resignation in Decemebr 1905?
couldn’t conceal the split i the party anymore
hoped presur eon LIberals>crumble>COnserfvatives would be back in power
1906 election results?
Conservatives= 133
Liberals=400Labour/Liberal Unionsits= 30
Irish Nationilists= 83
Did the Conservatives actually lose votes?
same as in 1900 election
those whi didn’t vote at all beofre were stirred to vote for Liebrals
What are the two reaosns people think the Liberlas won the 1906 electiona and why are these wrong?
COnservatives failure- actually their refomrs 1902-05 although not very successfukl showed thye were willing to help
Liberals unity- this liberal aprtrty wasn’t the new liberalsim party- it was traditonal under a traditional elader-no metniton of social reofmr in 1906 election campaign
What were the 4 main reaosnf for liberlas winning the 1906 election?
1) Conservatives were taintedby atrocites fo Boer wAr, failure fo imperialism
2) Conservaitves didn’t have diatraciton like Home Rule to attract voter to them
3) Balfour thought Liberlas would crumble under pressure>caused him to resing but they stayed united agisnt tarriff reform with ‘bi laof, little loaf’arhument
4) Liscenign Bill (1904) and education Bill (1902)- upset the non-conformsits>boted for Liberals in 1906
When did Boanr LAw withdraw Balfour’s referndum pledge?
Nov 1912
Balfour had been more unsure fo tarriff reform than?
chamberlain and Bonar Law
