Biology (Cell cycle and division) Flashcards
Mitosis- asexual reproduction
4 points:
-2 diploid genetically identical daughter cells
-somantic cells (non-sexual cells) for growth and repair
divided once
Meisois: sexual reproduction
4 points:
4 daughter not genetically identical haploid cells
gametes (sexual cells)
divides twice
Yeast is a sing-celled..?
eukrayotic organism that produces C02, bread and ethanol by anaerobic respiration
Outline the pricess of budding in yeast?
- nuclues divides and reproduces by asexual reproduction
- cell swells on one side/bulges
- nuclues moves into that bulge
- pinches off ton form a separate cell
Mitosis in plant cells dufferent from mitosis in animal cells?
In plant cells a cell wall forms in the middle of the new cell
Thsi prevents a ring of filament tightening at the cellular cleavage because the cell wall is made of cellulose which is too rigid
Merismatic tissues in plant cells whcih divide to make xylem and phloem (not in animal cells)
No centrioles in plant cells (but there are in animal cells)
What is G1, S and G2?
G1- peroid of cell growth/organelles multiply
S- DNA replication (proofreading enzymes check for errors> which caould cause mutations>which could cause protein to stop working
G2- period of cell growth
Mitosis- aasexual reprodction- Interphase-
In interphase what is happening?
The chromatin is not visible (black scribbles)
hisotnes- proteins which organise DNA
DNA replication (S phase) - 2 sister chromatids
In interphase what is ahppening?
The chromatin is not visible (black scribbles)
hisotnes- proteins which organise DNA
DNA replication (S phase) - 2 sister chromatids
What holds the sister chromatids together to make them chromosomes?
centromere
What does homolgous chromosormes mean (meosis)
1 member from each chromosome is from a different parent
What does homologous chromosomes mean (meiosis)
1 member from each chromosome is from a different parent
