GI

Question 1

Occult blood

Answer 1

blood in the stool found through lab tests

Question 2

Hematemesis

Answer 2

bloody emesis

Question 3

Melena

Answer 3

dark, tarry stools

Question 4

Hematochezia

Answer 4

bright red stools

Question 5

Manifestations of upper GI bleeds

Answer 5

melena, hematemesis

Question 6

Treatment of upper GI bleed

Answer 6

PPI, sucralfate, antacids, eliminate irritating foods

Question 7

Prevention of upper GI bleed

Answer 7

keep gastric pH above 4, PPIs, sucralfate

Question 8

Lead on upper GI bleed cases

Answer 8

gastroenterologist

Question 9

Lead on lower GI bleed

Answer 9

general/colorectal surgeon

Question 10

Diverticular bleeding - upper or lower

Answer 10

lower

Question 11

Ischemic bowel disease - upper or lower

Answer 11

lower

Question 12

Risk factors for diverticular bleeding

Answer 12

diverticulitis, rupture

Question 13

Characteristics of diverticular bleeding

Answer 13

sustained, dark, occasional massive bleeding throughout the colon

Question 14

Ischemic bowel disease

Answer 14

ischemia of the colon

Question 15

What is ischemic bowel disease caused by

Answer 15

interruption of colonic blood supply

Question 16

Treatment of ischemic bowel disease

Answer 16

restoration of blood circulation to the intestines

Question 17

Clinical manifestations of ischemic bowel disease

Answer 17

intermittent dark and bright red blood per rectum, c. diff is present

Question 18

What is prescribed for fluid replacement during acute gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 18

crystalloids/colloids

Question 19

When to admit to ICU for acute gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 19

coffee ground emesis, hemodynamic instability, drop in hemoglobin/hematocrit, large increased in BUN

Question 20

Management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 20

maintain IV volume and tissue oxygenation

Question 21

Meds for severe GI hemorrhage

Answer 21

vasopression, somatostatin, acterotide

Question 22

What is the hallmark manifestation for acute intestinal obstruction

Answer 22

abdominal distension

Question 23

s/s of acute intestinal obstruction

Answer 23

cramping, periumbilical pain that comes in waves, perfuse vomiting, electrolyte imbalances

Question 24

Treatment for acute intestinal obstruction

Answer 24

fluid resuscitation –> broad spectrum antibiotics –> early surgical consult

Question 25

What complications need to be monitored for

Answer 25

pain, tenderness, distension

Question 26

Acute small bowel obstruction

Answer 26

intestinal strangulation interrupts circulation, progressing to bowel ischemia