EYE

Question 1

Pilocarpine

Answer 1

Eye
Miotics
- a muscarinic receptor agonist
MOA
- contraction of the iris sphincter produces pupillary constriction (mitosis).
ADE
• Dim or blurred vision from miosis
• Worsened or induced myopia (since lens is relaxed/focused for near vision)
• Induced ciliary spasm causing headache or brow ache
- possibility of systemic ADE

Question 2

Atropine, Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate

Answer 2

EYE
- anticholinergic mydriatics (dilation)
- short acting, cycloplegic- paralysis of ciliary muscle
MOA
• When a muscarinic receptor antagonist (or anticholinergic), is administered, iris sphincter and ciliary muscles relax → pupillary dilatation (mydriasis)
ADE
o Mad as a hatter
o Red as a beet
o Blind as a bat
o Hot as a hare
o Dry as a bone

Question 3

Phenylephrine

Answer 3

EYE
- alpha agonist mydriatic
- Alpha-1-receptor stimulation will cause mydriasis by contracting iris radial muscles without affecting the ciliary muscle and accommodation
MOA
- used to dilate pupil for eye exam or surgery

Question 4

Timolol

Answer 4

EYE
B-antagonist
- used to tx glaucoma
MOA
- reduce aqueous production in the eye by blocking ß-receptors on cilliary body
ADE
- bronchodilation
- INC HR, contractility, AV conduction

Question 5

Brimonidine (Alphagan)

Answer 5

EYE
a-agonist
- used to tx glaucoma
MOA
- a decrease in aqueous production 
- an increase in uveoscleral outflow.

Question 6

Latanoprost (Xalatan)

Answer 6

EYE
Ocular Prostaglandins (specifically PGF2α)     
ADE
- Iris color change: *brown pigmentation
- *Conjunctival hyperemia
- *Eyelash hypertrichosis

Question 7

Dorzolamide

Answer 7

EYE

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 8

IV Mannitol or Oral Glycerol

Answer 8

EYE
Hyperosmotics
• Used for emergency lowering of IOP