Diuretics Flashcards
0
Q
Acetazolamide
A
Diuretics -effects the proximal tubule -forerunner to modern diuretics, *rarely used as diuretic -used to tx glaucoma, acute mt. sickness MOA -inhibits carbonic anhydrase ADE -hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis -renal stones -renal potassium wasting Contraindications -pt w/ cirrhosis
1
Q
Mannitol
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Diuretics -osmotic diruretic -INC urine volume, instead of Na excretion -reduction of intracranial and intraocular pressure -major effect in areas of nephron -permissible to water opposes *ADH MOA -INC osmolarity or Na+ load ADE -HA, nausea/vomiting, dehydration Contraindications -severe heart vailure, anuria, severe renal disease, severe dehydration
2
Q
*Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrypic Acid
A
Diuretics -Loop diuretics -*most effective diuretic -used for edema (congestive heart failure, renal failure), HTN (not controlled by thiazides), acute hypercalcemia -can be used in conjx w/ thiazide MOA -selectively blocks Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter ADE -hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis -ototoxicity - ear poisoning -hypomagnesmia
3
Q
Hydrochlorothiazide
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Diuretics -thiazide -works at *distal convoluted tubule -used for *HTN, *hypercalciuria MOA -blocks Na+/Cl- -*attempt to make more potent CA inhibitors ADE -*hyperglycemia -*hyperlipidemia -hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia -weakness/fatigue -paresthesia Contraindications -excessive use can cause hepatic cirrhosis, borderline renal failure
4
Q
Spironolactone
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Diuretics -K+ sparing diuretics -limited diuretic action -works at *collecting ducts -used for essential HTN (*adjunctive w/ thiazides, beta blockers, vasodilators, decrease K+ loss), edema related to congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis w/ ascities and edema, hirsutism MOA -competitive antagonist to aldosterone ADE -gynecomastia - man boobs -GI symptoms Contraindication -pregnancy
5
Q
Triamterene
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Diuretics -K+ sparing diuretics -limited diuretic action -works at *collecting duct -used for edema, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of liver, idiopathic edema MOA -blocks Na+ channels eNaC -reduction negative charge in lumen - lowers reabsorption of Cl- and excretion of K+ ADE -hypersensitivity -hyperkalemia -kidney stones Contraindications -anuria -severe or progressive kidney dysfunction
6
Q
Conivaptan
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Diuretics -ADH antagonist -used for euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia and congestive heart failure MOA -antagonizes V1a and V2 receptors ADE -pyrexia -hypokalemia -HA -orthostatic hypotension Contraindications -hypovolemic hyponatremia
