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Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Family of Drugs that do not cause addition

A

hallucinogens

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2
Q

concept: Whats going on in the brain to make a substance addictive

A

general rule: all addictive drugs activate the mesolimbic dopamine system (alters behavoiur…something to the cortex that i cant remember **FILL IN WED AM)

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3
Q

Name that substance.
intial presentaiton: tremor, n/v, sweating, agitation, anxiety –> hallucinations –> 24-48 hours later generalizes seizures —> 48-72 hours delirum tremens :)

A

alcholo withdrawal

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4
Q

~*~Treat your OH addicted patient.

SHARK - flashback

A

Disulfiram - aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor - creates AVERSION

Natrexone - opioid antagonist - decreases CRAVING

Acamprosate - NMDA receptor antagonist - prevents relapse

Topiramide - Glutamate receptor facilitation - may reduced craivns **NOT FDA APPROVED

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5
Q

~*~Treat your Oh withdrawal patient

A

long acting benzos: diazepam and chlordiazepoxide *new, not in benzo lecture)

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6
Q

~*~ Treat your elderly or liver failure OH patient

A

lorazepam and oxazepam (error here or in other lecture; this lecture says intermediate acting; benzo lecture says oxazepam is short acting, be careful :) )

bc less dependent on hepatic metabolism

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7
Q

Just a refreshed, which benzodiazepines don’t need to be P450’d at the liver?….. whats the relevance to OH withdrawal treatment?

A

oxazepam
lorazepam
temazepam

since dont get metab by P450 are more gentle on elderly and liver failure :)

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8
Q

~~Name that drug ER doctor. tremors + anxiety + perceptual disturbances + dysphoria + psychosis + seizures

A

benzodiazepine withdrawal

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9
Q

~*~Which drug(s) produce a withdrawal symptom that can be life threatening?!

A

benzodiazepines

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10
Q

How do you treat benzodiazepine withdrawal

A

if on short acting drug –> switched to a long acting drug

usually use DIAZEPAM and gradually taper the dose

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11
Q

SHARK: addiction is rare with what drugs

A

benzodiazepines

caffeine

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12
Q

what schedule number of drug is cocaine classified as?

A

schedule II

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13
Q

Name that drug
wellbeing and euphoria
tachycardia, hyperT, mydriasis ***, diaphoresis

A

cocaine intoxication

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14
Q

Name that drug: dysphoria, depression, sleepiness, fatigue, craving, bradycardia = generally mild and tx not generally required

A

cocaine withdrawal

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15
Q

How to treat cocaine addition?

A

we cant help yet.

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16
Q

Schedule DEA ranking of amphetamies

A

schedule II

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17
Q

MOA amphetamines

A

1) increase release of catecholamines
2) weak inhibitors of MAO
3) possibly act as direct catecholaminergic agonists @ brain

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18
Q

Name that drug: increased alertness, decreased fatigue depressed appetite and insomnia + @ high doses - psychosis and convulsions + peripheral adrenergic symptoms

A

amphetamines

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19
Q

Treatment for narcolepsy

A

amphetamine and methylphenidate

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20
Q

SHARK: flashback. What parkinson drug is metabolized to amphetamines and shouldn’t be taken later in the day

A

MAOb inhibitor

  • seleGILINE

:)

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21
Q

Name that drug: increasd appetite, sleepiness, exhaustion, mental depression

A

amphetamine withdrawal

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22
Q

Describe how the rewarding effect of Nicotine comes about

A

full agonist at the nicotine receptor found @ ventral tegmental area on dopamine neurons

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23
Q

MOA of nicotine please

A

low dose - ganglionic stimulation

high dose - ganglionc blockade

**midterm I pharm

24
Q

Effects of nicotine @ low dose

A

euphoria and relaxation

improves attention, learning, problem solving, reaction time

25
Effects of nicotine @ high dose
central respiratory paralysis, severe hypotension due to medullary paralysis
26
Name that drug: mild withdrawal, irritability and sleeplessness, relapse common, very addictive
nicotine withdrawal
27
Treat the nicotine addiction! drug style SHARK: flashback to antidepressant lecture
a) Nicotine replacement thearpy b) Sustained release Buproprion (from antidepressnat lecture -- NDRI; no sexual dysfunction, also second line for anxiety disorders, overdose can cause seizures) c) varenicline - partial agonist at nicotine receptors in the CNS
28
Varenicline. MOA. Uses.
Varenicline - used for nicotine treatment addiction; partial agonist at nicotinic receptors in the CNS
29
I say mydriasis, you think?
cocaine intoxication -- increaesed NE at the eyeball
30
Name the most commonly abused opioids please.
heroin morphine codeine oxycodone
31
Name the most commonly abused opioids in health professionals
m-eperidine f-entanyl M-edical professional F-ail
32
Name the drug: strong tolerance and dependence, behavioural disruptions and incompatibility with a productive life
opioid addiction
33
Name the drug: not life threatening; dysphoria, **lacrimation** **rhinorrhoea** and yawning **
opioid withdrawal
34
~*~Describe how you could help a patient in opioid withdrawal
replace (usually short acting) abused opiod with a long acting opioid and slowly reduced the dose METHADONE or BUPRENORPHINE M-edical professionals B-etter
35
Clonidine and lofexidine - used for what detoxification and why?
opioid withdrawal - chronic opioid - intolerance on teh ANS - rebound firing of neuroms; noradrenergic storm results......
36
Naltrexone effect on detox from opioids
only used when paitents have high moticiation bc will not satisfy craving or relieve withdrawal symptoms (naltrexone also used for OH addiction)
37
MOA of Mary-do-you-wanna
delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol --> Gi @ CB1 (brain = effects) and CB2 (immune cells)
38
Effects of THC
euphoria --> drowsiness and relazation affects short term memory and mental activity others: appetite stimulation (amphetamine withdrawal too), xerostomia, visual hallucinations, delusions, enhancement of sensory activty @ high doses - toxic psychosis (also see this at high doses of amphetamine)
39
Dronabinol = ?
therapeutic THC | used @ anorexia with weight loss in AIDs patients AND @ nasuea and vomiting with cancer chemo (second line)
40
To be continued
when i get hoem
41
Name the psychedelic agents
``` LSD mescaline (LSD like) psilocybin (LSD like) phenciclidine MDMA (ectasy) ```
42
Affects of psychedelic agents
affect thought, perception and mood | DO NOT cause psychomotor stim/depression
43
MOA LSD
agonist effects at 5 HT2 receptors in CNS
44
Cxl presentation of LSD
combo of somatic and psychomimetic symptosm - usually due to SYMPATHOMIMETIC * mydriasis (cocain also) * hypertension * tacychardia * increased body temperature * flushing * sweating * tremors * piloerection
45
LSD addiction or withdrawal symndrome
not cause addiction | no withdrawal
46
MOA Phencyclidine
a dissociative anesthetic AND blocks reuptake of NE and DA and also causes choli and anticholi effects AND action at nicotinic and opoid receptors
47
What causes dissociatve effects of PCP?
due to actions of PCp as a NON COMPETITIVE ANTAG at NMDA receptors
48
Name that drug: violent or bizarre behaviour, confusion, mystagmus, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, miosis, anesthesia, analgesia; appear to be having a psychotic episode, ~*~PINPOINT pupils in an AGITATED patient~*~
phencyclidine intoxication
49
Name that drug: empathpy and intimacy without impairment of intellectual capacities
MDMA/ectasy intoxication
50
MOA MDMA/ectasy
causes release of biogenic amines; increases concentration fo 5HT (the 'im in love' neurotransmitter) the most
51
Name that drug: depression lasting several weeks
MDMA/ectasy withdrawal
52
Name that drug: euphoria, analgesia then loss of consciousness
nitrous oxide intoxication
53
Name that drug: exhiliration and light headedness
volatile organic solvent intoxication - gas, paint thinner, lighter fluid, glue, degreaser
54
COmplications of volatile organic solvent use pelase
cancer cardiotoxicity neuropathies hepatotoxicity
55
Are organic nitrites addictive?
no

Pharmacology (70 decks)

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