8.0 Flashcards
Penetration of blood brain barrier is influenced by (3)
• lipid solubility of drug (eg, fluoroquinolones &
metronidazole are lipid soluble. Penicillin has low
lipid solubility)
- molecular weight
- protein binding of the drug
What are the 3 ways synergy is achieved in combination therapy?
1) Sequential Blockade
2) Block drug inactivating enzymes
3) Enhanced drug uptake.
What is an example of a sequential blockade
Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
What is an example of a block drug inactivating enzyme?
Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin
What is an example of enhanced drug uptake?
Aminoglycosides have increased permeability after B-lactam treatment.
What are the complications of antibiotic therapy?
• Hypersensitivity – frequent (urticaria to anaphylactic shock)
• Direct toxicity – directly affect hosts cellular processes
(eg, aminoglycosides & ototoxicity)
• Superinfection – new or secondary infection that occurs
during antimicrobial therapy of a primary infection.
Which drugs are considered Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors? (5)
1) B-lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Daptomycin
4) Bacitracin
5) Fosfomycin
Which drugs are considered B-lactam antibiotics? (4)
1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems
4) Monbactams
What is B-Lactamase?
Bacterial enzymes that inhibit antibiotics by binding (hydrolyze) to the b-lactam ring.
Which bacterial enzyme does Penicillin activate?
Autolysin -> activates cell wall lysis.
Penicillin G is the DOC for? (3)
- Syphilis (benzathine penicillin G)
- Strep infections (especially in prevention of rheumatic fever)
- Susceptible pneumococci
Penicillin G Benzathine is the DOC for?
1) Syphillis
2) Rheumatic fever prophylaxsis.
Penecillin V is the DOC for? (1)
Strep Throat
Which are the Antistaphylococcal Penicillins? (4)
1) Methicillin
2) Nafcillin
3) Oxacillin
4) Dicloxacillin
What is unique about antistaphylococcal penicillins?
B-Lactamase resistant
