11.2 Antiretrovirals

Question 1

Which Protease Inhibitor is an enhancer or booster of other PI’s due to inhibition of CYP3A4?

Answer 1

Ritonavir

Question 2

Which Protrease Inhibitor is structurally unrelated to other PI’s?

Answer 2

Atazanavir

Question 3

How is Atazanavir metabolized?

Answer 3

Metabolized by and inhibits CYP3A4

Question 4

Which antiretroviral drug binds integrase?

Answer 4

Raltegravir

Question 5

What are current recommendations for treatment-naive patients?

Answer 5

(1) NNRTI & 2 x NRTI
(2) PI (preferably boosted with ritonavir) & 2 x NRTI
(3) INSTI & 2 x NRTI

Question 6

What is the NNRTI based regimen?

Answer 6

Efavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine

Question 7

What is the PI based regimen?

Answer 7

(1) Ritonavir-boosted atazanavir + tenofovir + emtricitabine

(2) Ritonavir-boosted darunavir + tenofovir + emtricitabine

Question 8

What is the INSTI based regimen?

Answer 8

Raltegravir + tenofovir + emtricitabine

Question 9

What is the current recommendation for pregnant patients?

Answer 9

Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (twice daily) +

zidovudine/lamivudine

Question 10

What is the current recommendation for infant born to HIV infected mother?

Answer 10

Zidovudine (start immediately after birth and administer for 6 weeks)

Question 11

What is the preferred regimen for healthcare personnel upon exposure to HIV?

Answer 11

Raltegravir + tenofovir + emtricitabine

Question 12

Which prophylactic vaccines are recommended for HIV patients?

Answer 12

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B and
• Influenza