8.01 Flashcards
Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin’s are recommended as first-line treatment for what?
Staphylococcal endocarditis in patients without artificial heart valvues
Which drugs are considered extended spectrum penicillins?
1) Ampicillin
2) Amoxicillin
What is unique about Amoxicillin?
Higher bioavailability than other penicillins
Amoxicillin is a common antibiotic prescribed for?(2)
- Children and in pregnancy
-standard regimen for endocarditis
prophylaxis during dental or respiratory tract
procedures
What are the clinical applications for Ampicillin and Amoxicillin?
Extended-spectrum penicillin (HELPSS kill enterococci)
- H.Influenza
- E.Coli
- L. Monocytogenes
- P.mirabilis
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Enterococci
Ampicillin is used in combination with what to treat enterococci and Listerial infections?
Aminoglycoside
Which drugs are anti-pseudomonal penicillins?
1) Ticarcillin
2) Piperacillin
3) Carbenicillin
Penicillin’s are combined with what for the effective empiric treatment for infective endocarditis?
Aminoglycoside
What is unique regarding the oral absorption of Penicillins?
Absorption impaired by food (except amoxicillin -> high oral bioavailability)
How are most penicillin’s excreted? What is the exception?
- Most excreted primarily via kidney (beware kidney failure)
- Nafcillin = exception. Excreted primarily in bile.
What is the major antigenic determinant in Penicillin hypersensitivity?
Penicilloic acid
What adverse effect is caused by methicillin?
Interstitial nephritis
What adverse effect is caused by ampicillin?
Pseudomembranous Colitis
What is the adverse effect when amoxicillin or ampicillin is given for a viral infection?
Maculopapular Rash
What is the adverse effect of Nafcillin?
Neutropenia
