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Pharmacology > Bone Mineral Homeostasis > Flashcards

Bone Mineral Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

concept: what does hypomagnesium do to PTH

A

decreases –> leads to hypocalcemia

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2
Q

concept: what are common causes of hypomagnesium

A

chornic diarrhoea, diuretics, alcohol abuse, chronic PPI and aminoglycoside use

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3
Q

MOA Teriparatide

A

recombinant PTH that stimulates bone formation if you give it PULSATILE
@ high does - resorption

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4
Q

MOA Denosumab

A

RANK L inhibitior

prevents stimulation of osteoclast

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5
Q

A/se Denosumab

A

increased infection risk

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6
Q

Type I Vitamin D dependent Rickets

A

defective 1alpha hydroxylase

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7
Q

Type II vitamin D dependent RIckets

A

defective receptor

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8
Q

Treat Psoriasis

A

calcipotriol

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9
Q

What is cholecalciferol

A

vitamin D3

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10
Q

What is ergocalciferol

A

vitamin D2

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11
Q

MOA Sevelamer

A

phosphate binding drug –> no absoprtion of dietary phosphate in teh Gi

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12
Q

uses of Sevelamer

A

phosphate binding drug - used to prevent hyperphosphatemia in chronic renal dailure patients

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13
Q

Treat overdose of magnesium sulfate in eclampsia please

A

calcium gluconate IV style

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14
Q

A/se estrogen

A

thromboembolism
migraine
increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer

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15
Q

What’s a SERM?

A

Selectie Estrogen Receptor Modulator

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16
Q

Name some SERMs

A

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene

17
Q

Describe Tamoxifen

A

antag @ breat
agonistic @ bone
agonistic @ bone

18
Q

A/se tamoxifen

A

increasedk endometrial ca and thrmoboembolism and hot flushes

19
Q

Uses of tamoxifen

A

breast cancer and beneficial effect on bone

20
Q

Describe Raloxifene

A

antag at breast
agonist at bone
no estrogenic effect on endometrium

21
Q

Name the bisphosphnates

A

etriDRONATE
alenDRONATE
pamiDRONATE
riseDRONATE

22
Q

MOA of bisphosphonates

A

inhibit osteoclasitc activity via decreasing farnesyl pyrophosphate synthesis = disrupts mevlonate pahtway decreased osteoclast HATPase = reduced resorption

23
Q

Which bisphoshonate should not be used long term and why please

A

Etidronate - dont use it when its late –> bone malformation due to decreased osteoblastic activity

24
Q

What do you use etidronate, alendronate, pamidronate and risedronate for?

A

osteoporsis
malignancy associated with hypercalceim
Paget disease

25
Q

a/se of bisphosphates DRONATEs

A

erosive esophagitis

26
Q

a/se of etidronate

A

osteomalacia

osteonercorsis of jaw and fracures

27
Q

MOA cinacalcet

A

activates calcium sensing receptors –> leads to decreased PTH

28
Q

uses of cinacalcet

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

parathyroid carcinoma

29
Q

Treat parathyroid carcinoma

A

cinacalcet - stimulates CaSR

30
Q

Flouride it up

A

chronic exposure - new bone synthesis that is denser but brittle

31
Q

describe gallium nitrate

A

inhibits bone resoprtion

nephrotoxic

used at cancer-related hypercalcemia

32
Q

Plicamycin/mithracin

A

cytotoxic acnticancer drug

used at cancer-related hypercalceim (wiht gallim nitrate)

33
Q

cancer related hypercalcemia

A

plicamycin and gallium nitrate

34
Q

Name the drugs that cause osteoporsis

A 
AACHL
alcohol
Anastrozole
chorticosteroids
heparin
lithium
35
Q

name drugs that cause osteomalacia

A

phenytoin

etridronate if used for more than 12 months

36
Q

Treat the hypercalcemia

A

furosemide - diuretic
biophosphonates (DRONATES) inhibit osteoclast activity
calcitonin
parathyroidectomy

37
Q

Treat osteoporosis

A 
stop smoking
stop OH abuse
stop corticosteroids (otehr drugs that can cause - anastrozole, Li and heparin)
calcium and vit B supplementation
bisphosphonates DRONATES
SERMs
terparatide

Pharmacology (70 decks)

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