11.0 Antiretrovirals

Question 1

What are the 3 enzymes in HIV?

Answer 1

1) Protease
2) Integrase
3) Reverse Transcriptase

Question 2

What receptor in HIV is most important for binding?

Answer 2

CCR5

Question 3

When is therapy usually initiated for HIV?

Answer 3

-When CD4+ cells drop less than 500 cells/mm3
or
• Pregnancy
• History of an AIDS-defining illness
• HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN)
• HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection

Question 4

Which drugs fall under the class Nucleoside/-tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)?

Answer 4

Abacavir, 
Didanosine, 
Emtricitabine, 
Lamivudine,
Stavudine,
Tenofovir, 
Zidovudine

Question 5

Which drugs fall under the category of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Answer 5

Delavirdine,
Efavirenz,
Etravirine,
Nevirapine

Question 6

Which drugs are known as protease inhibitors?

Answer 6

ending in “navir”

Question 7

Which drugs are entry inhibitors?

Answer 7

Enfuvirtide, Maraviroc

Question 8

Which drugs are integrase inhibitors?

Answer 8

Raltegravir

Question 9

Which NRTI is a thymidine analog?

Answer 9

Stavudine

Question 10

What are special adverse effects of Zidovudine?

Answer 10

• Bone marrow suppression (neutropenia, anemia)

Question 11

Which drug is a strong inhibitor of beta and gamma DNA polymerase?

Answer 11

Stavudine

Question 12

What are AE of Stavudine?

Answer 12

• Peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

* Hyperlipidemia, neuromuscular weakness

Question 13

Which AE is unique to Didanosine?

Answer 13

• Pancreatitis (esp. alcoholics and patients with hypertriglyceridemia)

Question 14

What is the Only NRTI with sig. drug interactions (increases didanosine concentrations and dosage reductions are
usually required)

Answer 14

Tenofovir

Question 15

What is the most notable AE of Emtricitabine?

Answer 15

• Hyperpigmentation of palms and soles (occurs most frequently in dark-skinned people)