Drugs Acting on the Lower Respiratory Tract - General

Question 1

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 1

• Where gas exchange occurs

- Includes the bronchial tree & alveoli

Question 2

Diseases of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

• Asthma
• COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis)
• Pneumonia
• Respiratory distress syndrome (neonates)
• Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Question 3

Considerations for children

Answer 3

• Incidence of asthma increasing: antiasthmatics, leukotriene receptor antagonists, SABA, LA inhaled steroid
• Avoid allergens, smoke, crowds, dusty areas
• Theophylline only is nothing else works
• Treatment changes as child grows
• Patient education for the older child

Question 4

Considerations for adults

Answer 4

• Avoidance of aggravating factors/triggers
• Periodic spirometry
• Periodic review of treatment regimen
• Safety in pregnancy and lactation has not bee established

Question 5

Considerations for older adults

Answer 5

• These medications are used frequently
• More likely to experience adverse effects
• Renal and hepatics impairment can alter metabolism and excretion
• Start low, go slow
• Close monitoring

Question 6

BAM

Answer 6

Bronchodilates

• Beta 2 Agonist (sympathomimetic)
• Anticholinergics
• Methylxanthines

Question 7

Treatment for asthma attack

Answer 7

AIM

• Albuterol (Beta 2 agonist)
• Ipratropium (anticholiergic)
• Methyprednisolone (steroid)

Question 7

Treatment for asthma attack

Answer 7

AIM

• Albuterol (Beta 2 agonist)
• Ipratropium (anticholiergic)
• Methyprednisolone (steroid)

Question 8

Bronchodilators/Antiasthmatics

Answer 8

• Xanthines
• Sympathomimetics
• Anticholinergics